Ingabe Imishini Yokupakisha Isikhwama Esizenzakalelayo Ithembeke Kakhulu Kunaleyo Eyenziwe Ngezandla?

Umhlaba wokupakisha uthuthuke ngokushesha ngokwethulwa kwemishini eyahlukene eklanyelwe ukwenza lula izinqubo nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Phakathi kwalokhu okuqanjwe kabusha, imishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo igqama njengentuthuko enkulu kunezindlela ezijwayelekile ezenziwa ngesandla. Njengoba amabhizinisi elwela ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka, umbuzo uphakama: ingabe imishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo ithembeke kakhulu kuneyezandla? Lesi sihloko sicubungula umehluko, izinzuzo, nokucatshangelwa kwendlela ngayinye, okuhloswe ngayo ukucacisa ukuthi kungani izinhlangano eziningi zishintshela ekuzenzeleni izinqubo zazo zokupakisha.

Iyini Imishini Yokupakisha Isikhwama Esizenzakalelayo?

Imishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo imele isiphetho sobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuhloselwe ukupakisha imikhiqizo eminingi emaphaketheni ngempumelelo kunezindlela ezenziwa ngesandla. Le mishini yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlanganisa ukugcwalisa, ukufaka uphawu, kanye nokulebula, ngokuvamile ngendlela ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Ngokungafani nozakwabo abazenzelayo, abadinga ukungenelela komuntu ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene, imishini ezenzakalelayo ngokuvamile ifakwe izinzwa, ama-actuator, nezilawuli zekhompyutha ezilawula wonke umsebenzi.

Ubuchwepheshe obulandela le mishini buvumela ukwanda kwesivinini nokunemba. Imishini eminingi yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo ingasebenza ngokuphuma kwezikhwama ezimbalwa ngomzuzu, kuye ngosayizi nobunkimbinkimbi bokupakishwa okudingekayo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ephawulekayo kubakhiqizi namabhizinisi anezidingo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza, njengoba umshini ukwazi ukuphatha amanani amaningi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi noma isivinini.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekupakishweni kwezikhwama okuzenzakalelayo zingahluka kakhulu, zihlanganise imikhiqizo esukela ekudleni okulula, izimpushana, noketshezi kuya kwezemithi nezinto zokunakekela umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishini ivamise ukwakhiwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukumoshakala ngokuthuthukisa inani lezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye sivalwe kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise ukulahleka komkhiqizo futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kukonke.

Ukusebenzisa isixazululo esizenzakalelayo sokupakisha isikhwama kusho ukuthi izinkampani zingakwazi ukuvumelanisa kangcono nezimakethe zamanje, lapho abathengi bafuna ukutholakala komkhiqizo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi. Lobu buchwepheshe abuthuthukisi nje kuphela impilo yeshalofu lomkhiqizo ngenxa yokuvalwa okungcono kodwa futhi buthuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle kukonke kwephakheji, okuyisici esibalulekile ekudonseleni ukunaka kwabathengi kumashalofu okuthengisa.

Izinzuzo Zemishini Ezenzakalelayo Ngaphezu Kokupakisha Mathupha

Ukukhetha phakathi kwemishini yokupakisha isikhwama esizenzakalelayo nezindlela zemanuwali kuletha ukucatshangelwa okuningana phambili, ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ngokusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi, kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi. Imishini ezenzakalelayo iyahamba phambili kulezi zindawo, ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zingagcini nje ngokulawula ukusebenza kwazo kodwa futhi zithuthukise isithunzi somkhiqizo wazo ezimakethe.

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemishini yokupakisha isikhwama esizenzakalelayo ijubane layo. Nakuba izindlela zokupakisha okwenziwa ngesandla zivame ukuholela ekukhiqizweni ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yokuthembela emsebenzini womuntu, uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi esithathwa iyunithi ngayinye ecutshungulwayo. Lokhu kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu ngaphandle kokudela ikhwalithi, enenzuzo ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhiqiza eziphakeme noma iziqongo zesizini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwethembeka kwemishini ezenzakalelayo kuvame ukugqanyiswa ekulawuleni ikhwalithi. Le mishini ifakwe amasistimu okuhlonza athuthukile aqinisekisa ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye sihlangabezana namazinga ekhwalithi aqinile. Isibonelo, uma isikhwama sihluleka ukuvaleka kahle, imishini eminingi ingakwazi ukwenqaba ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ixwayise opharetha ngenkinga, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe amathuba okuthi imikhiqizo enesici ifinyelele emakethe.

Ngaphezu kwejubane nokuthembeka, imishini ezenzakalelayo nayo inciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi kakhulu. Ngesidingo esincishisiwe somsebenzi wezandla, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuqondisa kabusha abasebenzi bazo ezindimeni zamasu ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, zithuthukise ukukhiqiza okuphelele nokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi. Lolu shintsho alugcini nje ngokuvumela ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kodwa futhi lwehlisa amandla okuba namaphutha omuntu, okungase kuvame kakhulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ngesandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezitshala imali ezinhlelweni zokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukuthola imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali. Izindleko zokuqala zingase zibe phezulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezenziwa ngesandla, kodwa ukonga isikhathi eside, ukukhishwa okuthuthukisiwe, nokwethenjelwa okwandisiwe kuholela kumodeli yebhizinisi esimeme kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinselelo Zokusebenzisa Imishini Yokupakisha Isikhwama Esizenzakalelayo

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziningi zemishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo, izinselele ezimbalwa kufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo. Emabhizinisini ajwayele ukuthembela ezinqubweni zokupakisha mathupha, ukushintshela ku-automation kungase kubonakale kunzima. Inselele ebaluleke kakhulu isekutshalweni kwezimali kokuqala kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo ezihlobene nemishini ezenzakalelayo.

Imali edingekayo ukuze uthenge umshini wokupakisha ozenzakalelayo ingaba nkulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukubheka lezi zindleko njengotshalomali lwesikhathi eside. Izinkampani kufanele zenze ukuhlaziya kwezindleko okuphelele ukuze zibikezele ukonga okungaba khona kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwengeza, kufanele futhi bacabangele imithelela yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe okungahlinzekwa yisistimu ezenzakalelayo.

Enye inselele imayelana nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kugcinwe le mishini. Ngokungafani nokupakisha okwenziwa ngesandla, okuncike ekusebenzeni komuntu okuqondile, amasistimu azenzakalelayo adinga ochwepheshe abanamakhono ukuze baphathe imishini, baxazulule izinkinga, futhi benze ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphila isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungadala izindleko ezengeziwe zokuqeqesha futhi kuholele ejimini lokufunda okufanele amabhizinisi alungele ukusisingatha.

Ukuhlanganisa imishini emisha emigqeni yokukhiqiza ekhona kuveza izinselele zokuhleleka, ikakhulukazi ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungadinga ukulungiswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhiqiza, kuthinte ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi okungase kuholele ekuphazamisekeni kwesikhashana ngesikhathi soshintsho. Ukukhetha umshini ofanele ongena ngaphandle komthungo phakathi kwamasistimu akhona kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo.

Ukwengeza, ngenkathi imishini ezenzakalelayo ingathuthukisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, isangaphansi kokungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukwehluleka ezingxenyeni zomshini kungamisa wonke umugqa wokukhiqiza, okuholela ekubambezelekeni nasekulahlekelweni kwemali engenayo. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokulungiswa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obunjalo futhi kugcizelele ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Ekugcineni, nakuba kunezinselelo ekwenzeni ukushintshela emishinini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zivame ukudlula lezi zithiyo zesikhashana. Izinkampani ezizulazula kulezi zinselele ngempumelelo zingazibekela impumelelo eqhubekayo emhlabeni osebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Iqhaza Lentuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokupakisha, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwemishini kodwa futhi zandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe berobhothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-IoT (I-inthanethi Yezinto) iguqula izinto ezizenzakalelayo ekupakisheni.

Imishini yesimanje yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo iya ngokuya ihlonyiswa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile obuvumela ukuqapha nokuhlaziya kwesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukulandelela ukusebenza komshini, babone izingqinamba, futhi babikezele izidingo zokulungiswa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinkinga. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo okuqagelayo kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza okungaguquki kokukhiqiza, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukwethembeka kokukhiphayo.

Ukwengeza, ukufakwa kwamarobhothi athuthukile ezinhlelweni zokupakisha ezizenzakalelayo kuvumela imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nekhono lokuphatha uhla olubanzi lwezinhlobo zezikhwama nosayizi. Isibonelo, izingalo zerobhothi zingahlelwa ukuthi zibambe izinto ezibuthakathaka ezidinga indlela ehlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo eqinile. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwemishini yesimanje kubhekelela izidingo ezihlukene zabakhiqizi, ezivumela izinguquko ezisheshayo emigqeni yomkhiqizo noma izitayela zokupakisha njengoba imakethe ifuna ukushintsha.

I-Artificial intelligence iphinde ithuthukise amandla emishini yokupakisha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokugcwalisa kanye nokunciphisa ukumoshwa kwempahla. Ama-algorithms okufunda ngomshini angahlaziya idatha yomlando ukuze anqume izinqubo zokupakisha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zemikhiqizo ehlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikhwama ngasinye sigcwaliswa ngaphandle kokumosha ngokweqile. Lokhu akuzuzisi nje kuphela isiphetho senkampani kodwa futhi kuhambisana nezidingo zamanje zokusimama kokupakisha.

Ukunyuka kokuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT kuholele ekuveleni kwemishini exhunyiwe exhumana yodwa futhi ehlinzeka ngemininingwane yedatha. Abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze bathuthukise ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain, ukufunwa kwesimo sezulu ngokunembe kakhudlwana, futhi baqondise izinqubo zokusungula. Lokhu kuhlangana kufinyelela umvuthwandaba ngenqubo yokukhiqiza edidiyelwe kakhudlwana ekhulisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kukonke.

Sekukonke, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ithuthukisa ngokungangabazeki ukwethembeka kwemishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo, ishayela izinkampani ukuthi zamukele i-automation njengengxenye eyinhloko yamasu azo okusebenza.

I-Human Factor: Ukulinganisa Okuzenzakalelayo Nokungenelela Kwezandla

Ngenkathi imishini yokupakisha isikhwama esizenzakalelayo ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi, kubalulekile ukuvuma isici somuntu ku-automation. Kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi i-automation izothatha indawo ngokuphelele yomsebenzi womuntu ezinqubweni zokupakisha. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso liwukuthi indlela elinganiselayo, ehlanganisa kokubili okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla okunekhono, ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu.

Abantu bahlala bebalulekile ezilungiselelweni lapho kudingeka khona ubuhlakani, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo ezinobungane. Kunezimo lapho ukungenelela mathupha kungasiza ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingalindelekile imishini engase ingazisingathi ngempumelelo. Isibonelo, ezimeni zokuhlukahluka komkhiqizo noma ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezidingo zokukhiqiza, opharetha abanekhono bangenza izinguquko ngokushesha amasistimu azenzakalelayo angase angahlonyiselwe ukucutshungulwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthinta komuntu kubalulekile ekugcineni ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Ngaphandle kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ikhono lezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe lokwenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga athile ekhwalithi, nokuphatha ukusebenzisana kwamakhasimende akukwazi ukuthathelwa indawo imishini ngokuphelele. Le nhlanganisela yezinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla nezizenzakalelayo iqinisekisa izinga lekhwalithi nokusabela okungenzeka kube nzima ukukufinyelelwa yi-automation emsulwa.

Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze ngokuhambisana nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo kungaletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile. Izisebenzi eziqeqeshwe kahle eziqonda kokubili izici zemishini nezokusebenza zizothuthukisa ukukhiqiza jikelele, zibhekane nanoma yiziphi izinselele ngempumelelo. Ngokusebenzisa amandla akho kokubili umsebenzi womuntu kanye nokuzenzakalela, amabhizinisi angakha indawo yokukhiqiza evumelana nezimo futhi esebenza kahle.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokukhuthaza isiko lenhlangano elazisa ukuqamba okusha kuyilapho kuqashelwa ukubaluleka kwamagalelo abantu. Le ndlela ikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi bamukele i-automation njengethuluzi lokuthuthukisa izindima zabo, kunokuba bakubheke njengosongo ekuvikelekeni komsebenzi. Abasebenzi abazizwa benamandla okusebenzisana nobuchwepheshe bangase bahlanganyele kakhulu futhi bagqugquzeleke, ekugcineni kube nesandla empumelelweni yenhlangano.

Kafushane, ngenkathi imishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo inikeza ukwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle, indima yobuchwepheshe bomuntu ihlala ibalulekile. Ukuthola ibhalansi evumelanayo phakathi kokuzenzakalela nokusebenza kwabantu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphumelelayo kodwa futhi kuhlakulela indawo yokusebenza enhle.

Ukufika kwemishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo kumelela uguquko embonini yokupakisha, yethula amabhizinisi amathuba okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka, nokulawula ikhwalithi. Nakuba izinselele zikhona ekuzivumelaniseni nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zivame ukudlula izithiyo zesikhashana. Ngokuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bazo zombili izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo nezandla, okuhlanganisa indima yobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zabantu, izinhlangano zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yazo yokupakisha.

Sengiphetha, uhambo olubheke ku-automation alugcini nje ngokushintsha umuntu ngomshini; kunalokho, kumayelana nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze bakhe umsebenzi osebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ozinzile oklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe eziguqukayo. Izinkampani ezamukela lolu shintsho zimi kahle ukuze zithuthuke endaweni enokuncintisana futhi zibhekelele isidingo esikhulayo sokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokupakisha. Ingxoxo emayelana nokuthembeka kwemishini yokupakisha izikhwama ezizenzakalelayo iqhathaniswa nezindlela ezenziwa ngezandla isebenza njengokucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwawo wonke amabhizinisi ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nokupakisha. Ukwamukela lokhu kuguquka kuzogcina kuchaze ikusasa lokupakisha.