1. Isizinda sokuthuthukiswa kokupakishwa kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha kuyisimo esidingekayo ukuze impahla ingene endaweni yokusabalalisa, futhi imishini yokupakisha iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola ukupakishwa kwempahla.
Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza imishini yokupakisha ahlinzeka ngemishini yokupakisha ehlukahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngezidingo eziqondene nawe zobuchwepheshe bokupakisha bamakhasimende.
Imishini yokupakisha ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obunezinkundla eziningi njengokucutshungulwa kwemishini, ukulawula ugesi, ukulawulwa kwesistimu yolwazi, amarobhothi ezimboni, ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa izithombe, ama-microelectronics, njll. njengokubumba, ukugcwalisa, ukufaka uphawu, ukulebula, ukufaka amakhodi, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukugoqa, njll, sekube ngesinye sezici ezibalulekile zamabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa umfutho wabasebenzi, ukuthuthukisa indawo yokusebenza, ukonga izindleko zabasebenzi, ukwandisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. futhi uthole ukukhiqizwa kwezinga elikhulu.
Kusukela ngawo-1960s, ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha zokupakisha, izinqubo ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezidingo zokupakisha ezimbonini ezisezansi nomfula, imboni yemishini yokupakisha yomhlaba wonke ibithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngokombono wasekhaya, ngawo-1970s, ngokwethula, ukugayeka kokudla kanye nokumuncwa kobuchwepheshe bangaphandle, okwenziwa eShayina kwaqeda owokuqala-
Umshini wokupakisha waseTaiwan, ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, imboni yemishini yokupakisha isiphenduke enye yezimboni eziyishumi eziphezulu embonini yemishini.
Ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha, imishini yokupakisha yendabuko kanye ne-semi-automatic kwakuyizona eziyinhloko. Izinga le-automation yomkhiqizo laliphansi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemboni kwakungekuhle, futhi ukukhuthazwa kwemakethe kwakunomkhawulo kakhulu.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho kazwelonke kanye nokwenza ngcono kwezidingo zokukhiqiza ezishintshayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, imboni yemishini yokupakisha ithuthuke ngokushesha, imishini yokupakisha isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, isiphuzo, umuthi, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nokunye. izimboni.
Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokuncintisana kwemakethe okushubile ezimbonini ezansi nomfula, ukuthambekela kokukhiqizwa okukhulu nokunamandla, kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo zezinsiza zabasebenzi, imishini yokupakisha idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekuphatheni izinto, ezizenzakalelayo kakhulu, imishini yokupakisha esebenza kahle, ehlakaniphile futhi yokonga amandla kancane kancane ithandwa yizimboni ezansi nomfula, imishini yokupakisha yendabuko kancane kancane ihlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe be-fieldbus, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukudlulisa, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukunyakaza, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona ukuphepha, okuholela ekuveleni kobuhlakani besimanje. imishini yokupakisha.
2. Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha impahla yokupakisha yesimanje iyimishini ezimele kanye nolayini wokukhiqiza wokupakisha ohlakaniphile esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bolwazi ukuze isebenze futhi ilawule, ikhombisa izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalelayo okuphezulu, i-mechatronics kanye nobuhlakani bemishini yokupakisha.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokupakisha evamile, imishini yokupakisha yesimanje inezici zokushaywa okusheshayo, ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo, ukuguquguquka okuqinile kokukhiqiza, ukusebenza okungenamuntu, njll, ingakwazi futhi ukubona imisebenzi yokuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha okunamandla, i-alamu ezenzakalelayo, ukuzihlolela iphutha, ukuphepha. ukulawulwa kwamaketanga kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo, okuhambisana kakhulu nezidingo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi besimanje.
Amazwe athuthukile asevele enzile izinguquko ezishintshayo. Imishini yokupakisha iyisisetshenziswa esidingekayo sokukhiqiza, futhi ngokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe asathuthuka (Afana neChina)
Ngokunyuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nokuqiniswa kokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, yonke imboni inekhanda elibuhlungu ngenkinga yokuqasha abantu ekupakisheni emuva. Ukupakisha okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele nokungenamuntu kuwumkhuba wokuthuthukisa. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokulawula izimboni, iphinde ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wokupakisha. Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokupakisha kuyisihloko socwaningo samafekthri ahlukahlukene, futhi isidingo semishini yokupakisha siya ngokuya siqina futhi siqina, phakathi kwakho, ukudla, isiphuzo, umuthi, imikhiqizo yephepha kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali yizimakethe eziyinhloko ezingezansi zemishini yokupakisha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sokusetshenziswa ezweni lethu, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ezimbonini eziningi ezifana nokudla, iziphuzo, imithi, imboni yamakhemikhali kanye nemikhiqizo yephepha abambe amathuba okuthuthukiswa, okuqhubekayo. ukwandiswa kwesikali sokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe kunikeze isiqinisekiso esisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseChina.
3. Ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwemishini yokupakisha emazweni asathuthuka nasezifundeni kuzoba yimbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokupakisha yomhlaba wonke. Njengezwe elikhulu elisathuthuka, isidingo semishini yokupakisha sizoba enye yezimakethe ezinkulu emhlabeni;
Amanye amazwe nezifunda ezingathuthukile e-Asia, njenge-India, Indonesia, Malaysia kanye neThailand, nawo azoba nokukhula okukhulu kwesidingo semakethe semishini yokupakisha;
Kodwa-ke, emazweni athuthukile nasezifundeni ezifana ne-United States, Western Europe kanye neJapane, nakuba izinga lokukhula kwesidingo semakethe yemishini yokupakisha liphansi kunelamazwe asathuthuka, ngenxa yesisekelo esikhulu semakethe, isidingo sokushintshwa sinamandla, kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhula okuqhubekayo kuqhubeke esikhathini esizayo.Imboni yemishini yokupakisha isebenzela ngqo inqubo yokukhiqiza yamabhizinisi kanye nezixhumanisi zokugcina impahla kanye nempahla lapho imikhiqizo idluliselwa endaweni esetshenziswayo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo komnotho wezwe, ucwaningo oluzimele kanye nentuthuko kanye nokwenza izimboni zemishini yokupakisha, ikakhulukazi imishini yokupakisha esezingeni eliphezulu, bekulokhu kuyizinjongo zentuthuko ezikhuthazwa yinqubomgomo kazwelonke yezimboni, kugcizelelwa ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, ubukhulu, ukwenziwa komuntu siqu kanye nobuhlakani.
