Ka taea e te wehewehe me te hangarua para te whakaputa uara nui! Me pēhea te whakarite a te pauna maha-upoko atamai kia whakamahia ai ngā para?

Kaituhi: Smartweigh– Taumaha Upoko Maha

Te Hui Mahi Tahi a te Rōpū Hangarau Hanga Maamaa o ngā Tauira o Tsinghua, te Tirotiro Maamaa——Kia pai ake te ao He aha te tātari? Inaa, ka mahia te tātari i ia rā me te whai kaupapa. Hei tauira ngāwari, ina hoko koe i tētahi pouaka tipu rōpere, ka whakamahia e koe te tikanga tirotiro hei tirotiro mēnā he tipu rōpere kei roto i te pouaka. He kino ētahi. Ki te whakaaro koe ko tēhea te mea kino, tera pea ka pai koe ki te kōwhiri. Kia whakatauhia he kino, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te kohi me te maka ki te paru. Ina oti katoa te pouaka tipu rōpere e toe ana. I tēnei take, ka haere tonu tātou ki te tukanga e whai ake nei ki te horoi. He taahiraa tātari tino tawhito tēnei taahiraa katoa, arā, he tukanga katoa o te whakarōpūtanga raupapa. Ko te whakarōpūtanga he otinga pai ake, pērā i te maka atu i te mea kino me te kai i te mea pai, nō reira i tēnei take, ko te uara whakamahinga tāpiri e homai ana e te tātari ko te whakarato i te reka pai ake.

E toru ngā whakamahinga matua o te pauna pauna maha-upoko atamai Ina nui haere ngā whakaritenga mō te tātari i ngā momo mara, ka puta mai ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu hei whakautu. I tēnei wā, ka wehea ngā kaupapa matua o te tātari i te ao ki ngā wāhanga e toru. I kōrerohia ināianei te wāhanga o ngā kai ahuwhenua me ngā kai taha. I roto i ngā kai ahuwhenua me ngā kai taha, ka whakamahia te tātari hei whakarōpū i ngā taonga. Ina pai haere te kounga o tō tātou oranga o ia rā, ina kai nui atu tātou i te mea hei whakapai ake, ina hiahia te tini o te tangata ki te utu mō te kounga teitei, ka taea e te kai e oti ana mā te tātari te whakaputa uara whakamahi teitei ake.

Ko te tuarua o ngā wāhanga kei roto i te umanga hangarua para tiaki taiao. Ko te rauemi kua tirotirohia te mea e kīia ana e tātou kia mārama. He kīwaha e kīia ana ko te whakamahinga para. I muri i te wehewehe me te whakarōpū i ngā para, ka taea te whakaata i tōna uara whakamahinga hangarua. Inaa, ko ngā whakaritenga tirotiro mō te hangarua para tiaki taiao te mea tino kitea i te ao, ā, ko te tapeke o ngā hoko o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu e pā ana ko te mea nui rawa atu, engari i Haina, ko te whakamahinga o te pauna maha-upoko te mea whakamutunga, he aha ai tēnei? Kāore he whakaritenga mō te wehewehe me te hangarua para i tōku whenua? Kāore rawa. Kua rongo koe kei reira tētahi mara o ngā kaimahi e kīia ana ko ngā kaiparau?

E tata ana ki te 6 miriona ngā kaiparapara i tō tātou whenua, ā, neke atu i te 150,000 te tokomaha i Beijing. Inaa, mai i tērā taha, ka kitea te nui o te uara whakamahi ka taea e te umanga hangarua para tiaki taiao te whakaputa. He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana ki tēnei hei mara matua, hei tūranga hei whiwhi moni hei tautoko i ō rātou whānau, ā, he wā anō hoki kei roto i tēnei mara. I te whanaketanga hangarau me te whanaketanga o ngā wā, i te mea kei te piki haere ngā ture a te katoa mō te mahi, ka whakakorea rawatia tēnei mara. I tēnei wā, ka whakapai ake ngā hiahia o te katoa mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu, nō reira he take tō te katoa. Ki taku whakaaro kei roto ngā hiahia mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu i tēnei mara i tētahi wā whakaaroaro, ā, ka uru ki tētahi wā pahū. Ko te tuatoru o ngā wāhanga ko te umanga whakaputa ahumahi e hiahia ana ki te nui o ngā pauna maha-upoko. He maha ngā wāhanga matua i roto i te whakamahinga o te tirotiro i roto i te whakaputa ahumahi. Ko te tuatahi ko te tirotiro i ngā hua kua oti, ahakoa te ataahua o te hoahoa o tētahi raina whakaputa. , he tūponotanga tonu ka puta ngā hua toenga i te mutunga. Nō reira, i mua i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu taketake, ngā hua rānei, me tātarihia ngā hua toenga mā te hangarau aunoa, ā, ko ngā hua kounga teitei anake ka taketake.

Ko tētahi atu wāhanga ko te whanaketanga kei mua i te hanga ahumahi. E hiahiatia ana he nui ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga ahumahi i ia rā, i ia rā, e ngā whare tukatuka. Mā te tātari ka taea e ngā rauemi mata whai tohu, whai take, me te whakarei ake i te hua te whakauru ki te tukanga whakaputa. Ko te tono tātari i roto i te umanga waro e kōrerohia ana, ko te tātari i ngā rauemi mata hanga ahumahi. I mua i te urunga atu ki te kōrero tuturu, me titiro tātou ki tētahi huinga raraunga, i ētahi wā ka kiia ko te mākete hoko he tohu tino pai mō te mea e hiahiatia ana he tono, he mīhini rānei. Ka kitea i roto i ngā tau tekau kua pahure ake nei, kua piki haere tonu te tapeke o ngā hoko o te pauna maha-upoko me te tere tipu ā-tau tata ki te 10% i te ao i ia tau. Ka taea te kī ko te tere tipu ā-tau tino nui.

I tōku whenua, ko te tapeke o ngā hoko o ngā mīhini pauna maha-upoko e 8% o te katoa o te putanga o te ao i ia tau. Kua roa tātou e mōhio ana he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini pauna maha-upoko i roto i ngā ahumahi matua e toru o te ahuwhenua, te whakatipu kararehe, te whakaputa ahumahi, me te tiaki taiao me te hangarua para. Kāore ngā raraunga o te 8% i te ōrite. E rua ngā taumata o tēnei momo kore ōrite. Ko te tuatahi ko te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu, ā, ko te tuarua ko te auahatanga o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te pūnaha atamai me te taumata tika o tētahi taputapu mīhini he taumata aromatawai i te auahatanga o ngā taputapu mīhini. Me titiro poto tātou ki te mīhini pauna maha-upoko o te kāwai kore-atamai tino tika. Kei roto i tēnei momo kī ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu pēnei i te wehewehe hau, te wehewehe wai, me ngā taputapu wehewehe aukume. Ko tō rātou hiranga ko te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga tino taketake o te mea hei whakaoti i te tirotiro.

Kotahi te mea me whakatūturu e te katoa, ehara i te mea pai, engari ehara i te mea he ngāwari ki te whakamahi. Anei tētahi kōrero poto mō tētahi wheketere tukatuka e hanga ana i te hopi. He maha ngā wā ka raru te raina whakaputa. Kāore te pouaka hopi taketake i whakauru hopi ki roto i mua, ā, ka puta he pouaka kau. I utua e te wheketere he tekau. I roto i te tari hoahoa papai, kua mahia e ngā miihini hangarau he raupapa rangahau me ngā mahere hoahoa, ā, kua hangaia he huinga taputapu whakamātautau tino katoa, he mea rite hoki ki ngā ringa karetao pai mō te ngokingoki. Kia tirohia te pouaka iti kua kau, ka hopukina, ka maka atu. Heoi, nā ngā take maha, kāore i pai te pānga tuturu ki te tukanga katoa o te mahi. I muri mai, kāore i taea e ngā kaimahi i te raina whakaputa te hoko i tētahi pā hau kaha-nui ka pupuhi i te raina whakaputa. He pai noa iho ēnei pouaka iti kāore he hopi motuka. He ngawari te pupuhi atu, he māmā, he whaitake, ā, he iti te utu. He whakamahinga whaitake tēnei o ngā wehewehe hau.

Engari whakaarohia mēnā ka whakanuia ake ngā whakaritenga, ehara i te mea ko te tirotiro noa i ngā pouaka hopi kau te ture, engari ko te whakarite kia ōrite te rahi o te hopi e utaina ana ki roto i te pouaka hopi, ā, kua whakaritea kia utaina noa te hopi ki roto i tēnei pouaka hopi kāore e kitea. Mēnā ka werohia he whao, kāore e taea te whakaaro ki tēnei whakaritenga i tēnei wā me te mīhini tātari hau, ā, me whakamahi he ine taumaha maha-upoko mohio ake, tino tika hoki hei whakaoti i tēnei raupapa whakaritenga. He aha te tirotiro mohio? Kia mahara ki te take tuatahi o te horoi rōpere, he taahiraa tino nui kei roto: ko te wehewehe i te roro tangata. Ka wehewehe whānuitia e te roro o te katoa mēnā he kino ngā tipu rōpere e kitea ana, e kōpikopikohia ana, ā, ka ārahi motuhake i te mahere whakamahere a te ringa mō tēnei.

Waihoki, ko te taahiraa tino nui mō ngā hua atamai ko te whakaako i te taputapu ki te whakaaro, kia taea ai e ia te wehewehe whānui mēnā kei te tutuki te whāinga tirotiro ki ngā ture. Hei tauira, me matapaki te mahi a te pauna rino atamai? Kua wehea ngā maina katoa i tōku whenua ki ngā maina whakarewa onge, ngā umanga maina me ā rātou maina takawaenga, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, me pēhea te keri i ngā maina whakarewa onge, me whiwhi ngā umanga maina i ngā painga ōhanga? Tuatahi, i keria te koura mata mai i te maina waro, ā, i kuruhia te koura mata, i mirahia kia maha ngā wā kia whiwhi ai i ngā matū paura me te rahi o te matūriki e rite ana ki te paraoa witi. Ka whiwhihia ngā rauemi whakarewa utu nui mai i te paura rino, ā, ko tēnei tukanga katoa e kiia ana ko te reo taumaha i te mara. He nui ngā utu e pau ana i ēnei taahiraa katoa tae atu ki te wai, te hiko, te pakaru me te haehae o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu, ngā matū matū, me te kaha tangata.

I toro atu te katoa, ā, i rangahau i te keri o ngā maina e rua, e toru rau rānei i Haina, ā, i whiwhi mai i ngā raraunga e kī ana ko te utu o te kotahi tana o te keri konganuku taumaha he tata ki te $150 pea, e hia ngā painga ōhanga ka puta mai i te kotahi tana o te konganuku rino? , arā, e hia ngā rauemi konganuku utu nui ka taea te whiwhi? Me titiro tātou ki tētahi huinga raraunga me ngā mōhiohio. Ko tōku whenua te whenua rahui tungsten nui rawa atu o te ao. Neke atu i te 90% o ngā maina tungsten kei roto i tōku whenua. Ko te nui o te tungsten o ngā maina hiriwa e kitea ana i tētahi mara he tata ki te 0.4%. He aha te whakamāramatanga o tēnei? I mahi kaha ahau ki te keri, ki te huri, me te whiriwhiri i te 100 tana o te konganuku rino. Ahakoa ngā mate katoa i tētahi wā, ka taea e au te tiki ki te 400kg o te tungsten, ā, ko te 0.4% o te hanganga i roto i te umanga tungsten no te konganuku hiriwa. He maha hoki ngā maina kāore e eke ki te 400kg, ā, ko te 400kg anake o te tungsten ka taea te whakawhiti mō te 99.6 tāne o te konganuku para. Nō reira, mai i te wā i riro mai ai i te umanga waro, kua whakaarohia e ngā kaimahi tētahi raruraru uaua, arā, me pēhea te whiwhi uara whakamahinga nui ake i runga ake i te whaitake. Ko tētahi tikanga tino māmā ko te tango i te 100 tāne o te konganuku tungsten hei tauira. He rerekē te nui o te konganuku o ia wahi o te konganuku rino i keria. He tino iti te nui o ngā rauemi konganuku o ētahi konganuku rino, kāore rānei he rauemi konganuku whaitake. Mena ka taea te tātari i te 50 tāne o te konganuku rino me te nui o te konganuku, ka kohia te 380kg o te tungsten ki roto i te konganuku rino, nō reira, ki te whakarērea e rātou te toenga o te 50 tāne, tera pea ka pau te 20 kg o te tungsten, engari ka penapena i te utu o te 50 tāne o te konganuku rino, ā, ka oti te whakahaere uara ōhanga. Ko te whakahaere uara tino pai, arā, ko te whiwhi uara whakamahinga nui ake me te utu iti rawa.

Ko te mahere tino tere rawa atu, ko te whiriwhiri i te tangata mahi. Ahakoa he rite te rino ki te kirikiri i te taha o te rori, he uaua ki te kite i te hanganga o roto ki ngā kanohi, engari he āhuatanga mata anō hoki ō ētahi maina, nō reira ko te hangarau tukatuka o te whiriwhiri ā-ringa he pūkenga anō hoki. I roto i te kōrero mō ngā pūkenga, mai i te maha o ngā whenua Pākehā i mua i te rautau hou ki te maina o tēnei tau i tōku whenua, he maha tonu ngā kamupene maina me te tirotiro i tōku whenua. He maha ngā kaimahi wahine e whakamahia ana ki te hanga i ngā tipu whakakakahu hinu ā-ringa. Ina whai ētahi maina i te tino pai me te pai me te tika, kua tīmata noa rātou ki te tango i ētahi mahere tirotiro pūnaha kore-mārama ngāwari, pērā i te wai puna. Ko te whakamahinga tino noa o te wehenga wai kei roto i te umanga maina pāpāho. He kounga teitei me te kounga iti te waro ma mai i te maina waro. Ka kiia e te katoa ko te waro me te gangue waro. He rerekē te kaha o te pūmau. Ko te otinga ngāwari ko te ringihia o te waro katoa ki roto i te waro me ētahi matū. I roto i ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu, ko te waro whakamaroke-hau i muri i te tangohanga he waro pai e hokona ana i te mākete o nāianei. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga katoa ko te whakarite waro.

Engari he nui te wai e pau ana i tēnei tukanga katoa, ā, ka pā kino te taiao ki te taiao. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā rauemi waro o tōku whenua kei te Porowini o Shanxi, ā, kāore he wai o te Porowini o Shanxi. Nō reira, he mahere tēnei e hopu ana i te ika, e wareware ana hoki i te ika. Ki te haere tonu, kei te tīmata noa koutou ki te tūhura i te pūmanawa mō tētahi pūnaha tātari whatu atamai e hangai ana ki ngā pūoko.

Me kī kei a tātou he huinga pūmanawa pūnaha tirotiro atamai ka taea te whakaoti i te tirotiro rino tino tika, me ngā mea ka taea te whakaputa mō te keri. Inaa, kua kōrero kē te katoa mō te tono tuatahi mō te tirotiro, arā, te whakaiti i te mahi pukumahi me te whakahaere i ngā utu. I tētahi atu taha, mō te konganuku pereti kore-ferrous, ko te taahiraa tino nui i roto i te tukanga katoa o te concentrator ko te reo taumaha. , ā, ko te matū i whiwhihia i muri i te reo taumaha ka kiia ko te toenga para, he momo matū paru i konatunatua ki ngā momo matū he rite tonu te āhua ki te moata sima. He tino whakangaro hoki tēnei momo matū i te taiao. Nā te tirotiro pakari a tōku whenua, me te whakamahinga o te pauna maha-upoko atamai, he iti noa te wāhanga o te konganuku mata ka maka ki roto i te puna reo taumaha hei whakaputa i ngā toenga para, e whakaiti ana i te parahanga taiao o tēnei wāhanga mai i te pakiaka, nō reira ko te tuarua o ngā painga ko te whakaiti i te parahanga me te tiaki i te taiao taiao. Me pēhea te whakaaro o te pauna maha-upoko atamai ki ngā whakaritenga o te mekameka ahumahi? Ko te otinga mō te pauna maha-upoko atamai ko te whakamahi i ngā taputapu aukume aukume i whakawhanakehia i te pito o mua, me ngā taputapu whakatau atamai i te pito o waenganui, me ngā taputapu whakatinanatanga i te pito o muri, hei whakaputa i tētahi huinga o ngā whakahaere tirotiro atamai.

Hei tauira, tangohia te kōhatu tungsten 100-tana kei roto ko te 400kg. Hei whakaritenga tātari, e tumanakohia ana ko te nui ake o te toka para he iti rawa te ihirangi kōhatu ka taea te tātari, ko te pai ake, engari me tika te tukanga katoa ki te whakaiti i te rawakore. Ko te ihirangi kōhatu o te kōhatu rino he mea nui. Hei tauira, he mīhini e tātari ana i te 50 tana o te toka para, engari e 300kg o te tungsten ka pau i roto i te tukanga katoa, nō reira he tino kore hua te tauwhitinga. Hei whakaoti i te uara ōhanga, me tango hoki kia whiwhi ai i ngā rauemi konganuku utu nui hei hoko. Me pēhea te whakaaro o te pauna maha-upoko atamai ki ngā ture tino tika? Tuatahi, me tino tika te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i whakawhanakehia i te pito o mua, me kohia ngā huringa iti katoa i roto i te hanganga o roto o te wahi katoa o te kōhatu rino; tuarua, me tino tika te hangarau tautuhi, ā, me hopu te pūmanawa o te pūnaha tautuhi atamai i muri i te keri i te tohu raraunga iti i te wā tūturu; tuatoru, me tika te mahi a te kaiwhakaoho, kia kaua e hohoro te whakahaere i tētahi ota motuhake mō tētahi rino motuhake i te tere teitei.

Ko te whakakotahitanga matū waro o ēnei e toru anake ka taea te whakaoti i te tino tika o te pauna maha-upoko. Haunga te tino tika, kia pai ake ai te tautoko i te whakaputanga a ngā kiritaki, ko tētahi atu uara tohu o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu ko te nui o te rahinga whakaputanga. Kia pai ake ai te whakatutuki i te nui o te whakaputanga, i tēnei wā, ka whakamahia e ā mātou kaiwhakaoho te tikanga hau-rere. Ko te wā whakahaere me te wā whakatinanatanga o te hanganga hau-rere takitahi ka iti iho i te ms. Ka taea e tēnei tere tauhohenga te tautoko i te whitiki tuku tohu ki te kawe i ngā rauemi mata o te rino. Ka oma whakamua i te tere o te 4 m/s.

Me tango he tauira tūturu hei tiro i te nui o te uara ōhanga ka taea te whakaputa e ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu me te tino tika me te nui o te rahinga whakaputa mō te keri. Ko te wheketere konganuku antimony i raro i te China Minmetals Group he wheketere whakakakahu ā-ringa noa i mua i te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu. E 108 ngā kaimahi wahine i whiriwhiri ā-ringa i te 70% o te nui katoa o te konganuku hei toka para, ā, i mutu tonu te mahi, kāore i uru ki roto. Ko ngā mahi huri me te whiriwhiri i muri mai. Ka tirotirohia, ka tirotirohia hoki te nui o ngā kohuke o te toka para e whiriwhiria ana e rātou i ia rā, me te uara toharite o te 0.35%.

Whai muri i te whakamahinga o te pauna maha-upoko atamai, ka whiriwhiria tonutia te 70% o te nui o te konganuku hei toka para, ā, ka maka tonutia atu, engari ko te nui o te konganuku o te toka para kei raro iho i te 0.1%. Tērā pea ka whakaaro te katoa ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te 0.35% me te 0.1% he 0.25% anake. Mō te tangohanga ātaahua pēnei? I te mea ko te nui o te keri o tēnei rua keri he 700 tāne ia rā, ā, e 305 ngā rā e mahi ana i te tau, ko te utu mākete mō te kotahi tāne o te antimony he 45,000. Ko te hua ōhanga katoa o tēnei 0.25% kotahi tau ko te 15 miriona yuan Haina. Mā te pauna maha-upoko atamai, e 4 noa iho ngā kaimahi wahine taketake e penapenahia ana e ngā kaimahi wahine 108, he tohunga ki te tirotiro haumaru o ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu. Ko te utu mahi ā-tau e penapenahia ana ko te 5 miriona yuan Haina. He maina tēnei huinga mīhini me ngā taputapu. Ko te tātaritanga me te uara whakamahinga i hangaia e te kamupene e tata ana ki te 20 miriona yuan Haina, kāore anō kia tatauhia hei whakaiti i ngā hua tiaki taiao pea pēnei i te tukunga para para. Ka puta he uara ōhanga nui mai i tēnei momo pauna maha-upoko atamai mō tētahi mara he roa te hītori pēnei i te keri maina. Mā te whakarerekē i te tukanga whakaputa i roto i tēnei mara ki tētahi taumata ka puta he hua kāore i kitea i mua mō te ahuwhenua, te whakatipu kararehe, te hangarua para me ētahi atu ahumahi.

Ko te wawata o tā mātou tīma rangatira ko te whakamahi i ā mātou taputapu me ngā hangarau hei whakarite i tētahi ao tōtika ake, kia taea ai e tēnei momo whakahaere te waihanga i te nui o te uara whakamahi, kia taea ai e mātou te whakamahi i tā mātou mahi whakaputa ahumahi tuku iho, ahuwhenua. I roto i te tukanga hangarau aunoa o te mahi ahuwhenua kararehe me te tiaki taiao i te umanga hangarua para, he tohu iti kei roto i tā mātou tīma rangatira! Ngā mihi, ko Tong Xiaolei ahau.

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