Isikhokelo soMthengi kumatshini wokupakisha weRotary

Imisebenzi yokupakisha yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje ixhomekeke koomatshini bokupakisha abajikelezayo abagcina abasebenzi kunye nexesha. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi zingundoqo kumashishini amaninzi. Amachiza, i-nutraceuticals, ukutya, kunye neekhemikhali zonke ziyaxhamla kukulungelelaniswa komatshini kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha.

Oomatshini beRotary bafika kwicala elinye kunye necala eliphindwe kabini ukuhambelana nezikali ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Abanini bamashishini abaqhuba amaziko amakhulu okanye abalawula imisebenzi ekhulayo kufuneka baqonde iimpawu eziphambili zomatshini. Ukulawulwa kwesantya, amandla oxinzelelo, kunye neendlela zokhuseleko yimiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwisigqibo sokuthenga esinolwazi.

Eli nqaku liphonononga yonke into abanini bamashishini ekufuneka bayazi malunga nokukhetha, ukuphumeza, kunye nokugcina umatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo ofanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile.

Yintoni umatshini wokupakisha weRotary?

Umatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo yinkqubo ezenzekelayo eyenzelwe ukupakishwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngesantya esiphezulu. Isebenza ngenkqubo yentshukumo ejikelezayo. Iimveliso zihamba kwizikhululo ezininzi kwi-turntable ejikelezayo. Umatshini uphatha ukuchola ingxowa, ukuprinta, ukuzalisa kunye nokutywina imisebenzi kumjikelo oqhubekayo. Umatshini uhamba ngoluhlu lwezenzo ezichanekileyo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezenza inkqubo yokupakisha ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokusekwa okukodwa, inokupakisha ukuya kuthi ga kwiingxowa ezingama-50 ngomzuzu. Ulungelelwaniso oluphindwe kabini lunokutyhala eli nani nangaphezulu ukuya kwiingxowa ezili-120 ngomzuzu.

✔ Isishwankathelo sendima yayo ekupakisheni isingxobo

Oomatshini bokupakisha beRotary baluncedo ekupakishweni kwerayisi ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa begcina ukuhambelana. Banokwamkela izinto ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha, kubandakanya iipowutshi zomaleko omnye, iifilimu ezilaminethiweyo, kunye neengxowa ezinokubola, zibenza lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zoshishino ezahlukeneyo.

✔ Amacandelo aphambili omatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo

La malungu abalulekileyo asebenza kunye:

▶Isikhululo sokutyisa esingxoweni

Umsebenzi: Iipowutshi zilayishwa kumatshini ukuze zilungiswe.

Iinkcukacha: Esi sikhululo sondla ngokuzenzekelayo iipowutshi ezenziwe ngaphambili kumatshini, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-stack okanye umqulu. Ezi zingxobo zisenokufakwa kwisingxobo semagazini, uze emva koko umatshini uzichole ibe nye ngexesha kwizinyuko ezilandelayo. Inkqubo yokutya iqinisekisa ukuba iipowutshi zilungelelaniswe kakuhle kwaye zilungele imisebenzi elandelayo.

▶Isikhululo sokuchola isingxobo

Umsebenzi: Esi sikhululo sithatha iipowutshi zomntu ngamnye kwaye sizibeke kwindawo ukuze zizaliswe.

Iinkcukacha: Ingalo efunxayo okanye engumatshini ithatha isingxobo ngasinye kwindawo yokuxheshisela kwaye isibeke kwindawo echanekileyo yokuzaliswa kunye nokutywinwa. Inkqubo yenzelwe ukuphatha iipowutshi ezithambileyo okanye ezimile ngokungalungelelananga kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, okuqhubekayo. Izivamvo zijonge indawo yengxowa ukunqanda indawo engafanelekanga.

▶Isikhululo sokuprinta sesingxobo

Umsebenzi: Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwemveliso, uphawu, okanye iikhowudi zebhakhowudi kwisingxobo.

Iinkcukacha: Esi sikhululo kulapho isingxobo siprintwa khona sineenkcukacha eziyimfuneko njengemihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha, iinombolo zebhetshi, iilogo, okanye iibhakhowudi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa ukutshintshwa kwe-thermal okanye iteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-inkjet, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ushicilelo lucacile kwaye luchanekile. Umgangatho woshicilelo kunye nokubekwa kufuneka kuchanekile ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yolawulo kunye nomthengi. Ezinye iisistim zibandakanya ikhowudi yomhla yokuprinta umhla wokwenziwa okanye wokuphelelwa kwawo ngokuthe ngqo kwisingxobo.

▶ Isitishi sokuzalisa

Umsebenzi: Ingxowa izaliswe yimveliso.

Iinkcukacha: Isikhululo sokuzalisa sinoxanduva lokuhambisa ngokuchanekileyo imveliso kwisingxobo. Oku kunokuba lulwelo, umgubo, iigranules, okanye ezinye izinto. Indlela yokuzalisa iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso:

● Izihluzi ze-Auger zomgubo kunye neegranules.

● Ipiston okanye izihluzi zevolumetric zolwelo.

● Isilinganisi seentloko ezininzi kwiimveliso eziqinileyo ezinemilo engaqhelekanga. Isikhululo sokuzalisa ngokuqhelekileyo sidityaniswe neenkqubo zokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa okuchanekileyo kwisikhwama ngasinye.

▶Isikhululo sokutywina

Umsebenzi: Isingxobo sitywinwe ukuze siqulathe imveliso kwaye siyikhusele.

Iinkcukacha: Esi sikhululo sivala isiphelo sesingxobo emva kokuba sigcwalisiwe. Inkqubo yokutywinwa inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesingxobo kunye nemveliso.

Isitishi ngasinye siyilelwe ukunyusa ukusebenza kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso kunye neemfuno zokupakisha. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kusebenzisa izixhobo zokutya kunye nentsimbi engenasici ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yococeko.

Logama nje iipowutshi ezingenanto zibonelelweyo zanele, uyilo lwenkqubo luvumela ukusebenza okungayekiyo, ukucutha ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokunyusa imveliso iyonke. Umatshini usebenza ngezinto ezininzi zepouch ezenziwe kwangaphambili, kubandakanywa iifilimu zeplastiki, iifoyile ze-aluminiyam, kunye neengxowa ezilaminethiweyo, zikunika ukhetho kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha.

IiNzuzo zokuSebenzisa umatshini wokupakisha weRotary

Imisebenzi yokupakisha yepochi yangoku idinga nje isantya esiphezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Umatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo usebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi.

◆ Ukusebenza kakuhle

Oomatshini bokupakisha beRotary banokupakisha ukuya kuthi ga kwiingxowa ezingama-50 ngomzuzu. Senze aba matshini ngokushukumayo okuqhubekayo okunciphisa umsebenzi wezandla kunye nokuhambisa imveliso engaguqukiyo. Aba matshini baphatha iiodolo ezinkulu kwaye bahlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo engqongqo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umgangatho.

◆ Ukuchaneka

Inkqubo yokulinganisa ephuculweyo iya kunika umlinganiselo ogqibeleleyo wephakheji nganye. Aba matshini basebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ezichanekileyo ukugcina imigangatho yomgangatho ofanayo kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo. Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lusebenza kakuhle xa kufuneka uthintele inkunkuma yemveliso kwaye ugcine uluhlu lwempahla luchanekile.

◆ Ukuguquguquka

Aba matshini baziqhelanisa kakuhle nokuphatha izinto zokupakisha kunye neefomathi zazo zonke iintlobo:

● Iphepha, iplastiki, ifoyile kunye neengxowa ezingalukwanga

● Iisayizi ezininzi zeengxowa ukusuka kwincinci ukuya enkulu

● Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso

◆ Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko

Utyalo-mali lwantlandlolo lusenokubonakala luphezulu, kodwa oomatshini bokupakisha isingxobo esijikelezayo bayindlela entle yokufumana izibonelelo zemali zexesha elide. Le misebenzi eyonga amandla isebenzisa amandla amancinci kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi. Aba matshini bazihlawulela ngokukhawuleza ngokunciphisa inkunkuma, iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, kunye nokwandisa umthamo wemveliso. Ukuzaliswa okuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kukhokelela ekulahlekeni okuncinci kwemveliso. Umgangatho wokupakisha ohambelanayo unceda ukugcina ixabiso le-brand kwaye ugcine abathengi banelisekile.

Iintlobo zoomatshini bokupakisha beRotary

Izityalo zokuvelisa zinokukhetha kwiiseti ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokupakisha abajikelezayo abahambelana neemfuno zabo zemveliso. Ukuseta nganye kuneenzuzo ezithile ezisebenza kakuhle kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha.

▶ Isitishi esisi-8 somatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo

I-standard 8-station setup iqhuba ngesantya ukuya kuma-50 amaqhekeza ngomzuzu. Aba matshini beza kunye ne-PLC ye-touch-screen control systems kunye namaqonga aqhutywa yi-servo. Uyilo lusebenza ngeesayizi ezininzi zesingxobo, ububanzi bokuphatha ukusuka kwi-90mm ukuya kwi-250mm. Olu seto lusebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi ephakathi nendawo efuna imveliso ezinzileyo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokuchaneka.

▶ Oomatshini bokupakisha be-Dual-8 abajikelezayo

Oomatshini besikhululo se-Dual-8 bapakisha kabini ngakumbi ngelixa behlala bechanekile. Ezi nkqubo zinokubetha isantya ukuya kuthi ga kwimijikelo ye-120 ngomzuzu. Basebenza ngcono ngeepoutshi ezincinci ukuya kuthi ga kwi-140mm ububanzi kwaye bagqwese ekupakisheni ijerky, i-snacks, kunye nezinto ezifanayo. Uyilo lweendlela ezimbini luphinda kabini imveliso yakho ngelixa usebenzisa indawo enkulu yomgangatho omncinci njengoomatshini bendlela enye.

▶ Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo

Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zanamhlanje zidibanisa imisebenzi emininzi kwiyunithi enye, eyenzelwe ukunyusa iinkqubo zokupakisha ngesantya esingenakulinganiswa kunye nokuchaneka. Inkqubo idibanisa ngaphandle komthungo amacandelo abalulekileyo afana ne-multihead weighers ukwenzela umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye nezihluzi ze-auger ukwenzela ukudosa kwemveliso okungaguqukiyo, iqinisekisa ulawulo lwesahlulo olugqibeleleyo lwe powders, granules, kunye nolwelo.

I-Post-packaging, umatshini usebenza ngokuhambelana ne-checkweighers ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobunzima kunye nezixhobo zetsimbi zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokuthotyelwa. Ngokudibanisa ezi nkqubo zibalulekileyo kwintsebenzo enye elungelelanisiweyo, i-Integrated Rotary Packing Machine iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, inciphisa inkunkuma, kwaye ihambisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo, ezisemgangathweni ophezulu - okwenza kube yinto ekhethekileyo yokukhetha imigca yemveliso yanamhlanje.

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuqwalasela xa uthenga i-Rotary Packing Machine

Abathengi kufuneka bavavanye izinto ezininzi eziphambili ukukhetha umatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo ohambelana neemfuno zabo zokusebenza.

◆ Ukuhambelana kwezinto

Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini unokumelana neentlobo zemveliso oyiqhubayo, nokuba ziisnacks, iziqhamo ezixubekileyo okanye ezomisiweyo, kunye nokuxhasa izinto ozikhethayo zokupakisha. Oomatshini abajikelezayo banamhlanje benzelwe ukuphatha ngokufanelekileyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha, kubandakanywa iingxowa zephepha kunye neeplastiki, iingxowa ezenziwe ngaphambili ezenziwe ngefilimu ezenziwe nge-laminated, iipowutshi zokuma kunye okanye ngaphandle kweeziphu, kunye neengxowa ezintathu ezinecala ezine ezivaliweyo.

◆ Isakhono

Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngemithamo eyahlukeneyo yemveliso. Oomatshini abaqhelekileyo banokuqhuba iingxowa ezingama-25-55 ngomzuzu, kodwa olu tshintsho lusekelwe kubunzima bemveliso kunye nendlela ozigcwalisa ngayo. Iimodeli ezigqwesileyo zinokupakisha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50 izinto ngomzuzu ngamnye ngokujikeleza okujikelezayo.

◆ Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso

Oomatshini bokupakisha abajikelezayo banamhlanje badlula ngaphaya kokuseta okusemgangathweni kwaye bakuvumele ukuba ubenze ngokweemfuno zakho. Unokukhetha kwizihluzi ze-auger zeepowder, ii-piston fillers zolwelo, kunye ne-multihead weigher yeemveliso zegranular. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngeepowutshi ukusuka kwi-80-250mm ububanzi ukuya kwi-100-350mm ubude.

◆ Kulula Ukuyisebenzisa

Ujongano lwale mihla lwenza aba matshini basebenze lula nokubagcina. Ujongano loomatshini boBantu oluqhutywa ngokweresiphi (HMI) lukubonisa ubume bomgca wokupakisha ngokujonga nje. Amalungu okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza akuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise iifomati ngaphandle kwezixhobo kwimizuzu nje emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Abaqhubi bakho banokusingatha utshintsho lwemveliso ngokulula ngaphandle kolwazi olunzulu lobuchwephesha.

Ungawukhetha njani umatshini oLungileyo kwishishini lakho

Ishishini kufuneka livavanye izinto ezininzi eziphambili phambi kokuthenga umatshini wokupakisha wepochi ejikelezayo. Olu luhlu luza kunika umendo ocacileyo wokhetho olulolona:

● UVavanyo lweVolumu yeMveliso: Qwalasela imveliso yakho yangoku kunye nezicwangciso zokukhula kwixesha elizayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umatshini unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho. Qinisekisa isantya osifunayo, silinganiswe kwiingxowa ngomzuzu, kunye ne-akhawunti yakho nakuphi na ukuguquguquka kwexesha lonyaka kwimveliso.

● IiMfuno zeNdawo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso: Okulandelayo, kuvavanya isithuba kunye neemfuno zeziseko zophuhliso. Qinisekisa ukuba unendawo yomgangatho owaneleyo wofakelo nokusebenza komatshini, ushiya indawo eyongezelelweyo yokugcina. Khangela ukuba isixokelelwano sombane kwindawo yakho iyahambelana neenkcukacha zomatshini kwanokuba umoya kunye nolawulo lobushushu lwanele ukuze usebenze ngokutyibilikayo.

● IiNgcaciso zoBugcisa: Jonga iinkcukacha zobugcisa bomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nodidi lwemveliso yakho, nokuba uphatha umgubo, ulwelo, okanye izinto eziqinileyo. Phonononga imida yayo yokuphatha kwaye uqinisekise ukuba idibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo zakho ezikhoyo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.

● Ukuqwalaselwa koqingqo-mali: Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Bala iindleko zizonke zobunini, kuquka nexabiso lokuqala lokuthenga, ufakelo kunye noqeqesho. Khangela iimodeli ezisebenza ngamandla ukuze wonge kwiindleko zokusebenza kunye nesicwangciso sokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kunye neendawo ezisecaleni.

● Ukhuseleko nokuThotyelwa: Ukhuseleko nokuthotyelwa zibalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini ubandakanya iimpawu zokhuseleko ezifana nolawulo olungxamisekileyo kwaye udibana nayo yonke imimiselo yoshishino efanelekileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana nemigangatho yesatifikethi efunekayo kwishishini lakho.

● UVavanyo loMboneleli: Okokugqibela, vavanya umthengisi. Phanda ngodumo lwabo kwaye ufunde uphononongo lwabathengi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka. Jonga umgangatho wenkxaso yabo emva kokuthengisa kunye nenkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokufikelela kuncedo xa lufuneka. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi kwaye ukhethe umatshini ofanelekileyo weshishini lakho.

Iingcebiso zokuLondoloza koomatshini bokupakisha beRotary

Ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo ngundoqo ekwandiseni ubomi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini bakho bokupakisha isingxobo.

1. Ukucoca rhoqo: Ukuthintela ukungcola ngokucoca umatshini ngokucokisekileyo emva komjikelezo ngamnye wokuvelisa.

2. Uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo: Jonga ukuguga kunye nokukrazula ukuphepha ukonakala okungalindelekanga.

3. Ukuthambisa: Gcina iindawo ezihambayo zithanjiswe kakuhle ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

4. Landela iziKhokelo zoMvelisi: Bambelela kwishedyuli yokulondolozwa kunye neenkqubo ezicetyiswa ngumenzi.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zokuPhepha xa uthenga umatshini wokupakisha weRotary

Impumelelo yenkampani ihlala ixhomekeke ekuthengeni kwayo izixhobo zokupakisha. Iinkampani ezininzi ziyasokola ukwenza utyalo-mali olukrelekrele koomatshini bokupakisha abajikelezayo ngenxa yokuba bajonge imigibe eqhelekileyo.

Iinkcazo zeprojekthi yokuqala zihlala zitshintsha emva kokuba kuqaliswe ukwenziwa. Oku kuphakamisa iindleko kwaye kubangela ukulibaziseka. Iinkampani kufuneka zixoxe ngeemfuno zabo zokupakisha ngokweenkcukacha phambi kokuba ziqhagamshelane nabavelisi. Ezi ngxoxo kufuneka zigubungele ubungakanani beengxowa kunye nesantya somatshini.

Iinkampani zihlala ziphosa imbuyekezo yokwenyani kutyalo-mali kuba azihoyi izinto eziphambili. Izibalo ze-ROI kufuneka zibandakanye amazinga okupakishwa kwemveliso, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye namanani enkunkuma. Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-automation isenokungabi nangqiqo, ngakumbi xa imiqulu yokupakisha iphantsi.

Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo kudala omnye umngeni omkhulu. Abathengi bahlala besilela ukuxelela abavelisi malunga nezixhobo zabo ezikhoyo ezifuna ukudityaniswa. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kudala iingxaki zokuhambelana kunye namaxesha okuphumla amade. Amaqela kufuneka achaze ukuba ngubani ophethe iinxalenye zesistim ezahlukeneyo phambi kokuba ufakelo luqale.

Kutheni le nto ukhethe iPakethe yeSmart Weigh kuMatshini wakho wokuPakisha weRotary?

I-Smart Weigh Pack igqame njengenkokeli ethembekileyo kushishino lokulinganisa kunye nokupakisha, ibonelela ngezisombululo ezitsha ezilungiselelwe amashishini ahlukeneyo. Oomatshini bethu bokupakisha be-rotary bayilwe ngokuchanekileyo, beqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesantya esiphezulu, ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo, kunye nokuncipha kwenkunkuma yezinto.

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi yobuchwephesha ukususela ngo-2012, sidibanisa iteknoloji yokusika kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kweemfuno zeshishini ukunika izisombululo ezithembekileyo nezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Iqela lethu le-R&D elinezakhono kunye neenjineli zenkxaso ezingama-20+ zehlabathi ziqinisekisa ukudityaniswa komthungo kumgca wakho wokuvelisa, ukulungiselela iimfuno zakho zoshishino ezizodwa.

Isebenzisana nabathengi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50, iSmart Weigh igqame ngokuzibophelela kwayo kumgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nenkxaso yabathengi abangama-24/7. Ngokusikhetha, uxhobisa ishishini lakho ukuba linyuse imveliso, liphucule ukuchaneka kokupakishwa, kwaye ufezekise ugcino olubalulekileyo lokusebenza kunye neqabane elithembekileyo kubuchule obutsha.

Ukuqukumbela

Oomatshini bokupakisha beRotary babalulekile kumashishini afuna izisombululo zokupakisha ezikhawulezayo nezithembekileyo. Aba matshini benza ixabiso ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye nomgangatho ohambelanayo. Ukuseta kwabo okuguquguqukayo kusebenza kakuhle kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.

Impumelelo yakho ngezixhobo zokupakisha ezijikelezayo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezimbalwa eziphambili. Kufuneka ucinge ngeemfuno zeshishini lakho kwaye ucwangcise ukuphunyezwa kakuhle. Umthamo wemveliso, imiqobo yendawo, iinkcukacha zobugcisa, kunye neendleko zexesha elizayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Abathengi abahlakaniphileyo bayalazi ixabiso lokubambisana nabavelisi abathembekileyo ababonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo. Amashishini alungele ukuphonononga izisombululo zokupakisha ezijikelezayo anokutyelela iSmart Weigh. Iwebhusayithi inikezela ngesikhokelo sobuchwephesha kunye neenkcukacha zoomatshini ezineenkcukacha.

Umatshini wokupakisha ojikelezayo uba yimpahla exabisekileyo ngononophelo olufanelekileyo. Iishedyuli zokugcinwa rhoqo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle banceda ukuphepha imiba eqhelekileyo. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lomatshini oludityaniswe nolawulo olulungileyo luzisa imbuyekezo enkulu. Uya kubona imveliso eyandisiweyo, inkcitho encinci, kunye nomgangatho wokupakisha othembekileyo.

• Unyakakelwe
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• Uhlobo lweshishini
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• Ilizwe / Ingingqi
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• Ishishini eliphambili
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• Iimveliso eziphambili
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• Ishishini lomntu osemthethweni
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• Abasebenzi bazonke
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• Ixabiso lokuphuma lonyaka
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• Ukuthengisa ngaphandle
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• Abathengi abasebenzayo
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