Ngawaphi amanyathelo athatyathwayo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kunye nokwandisa ixesha leshelufu lokutya okusele kulungiselelwe ngexesha lokupakishwa?

Intshayelelo

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje elikhawulezayo, ukutya okuphekiweyo kuye kwaba lukhetho oludumileyo kubantu abaninzi abakhangela iindlela zokutyela ezikhawulezayo nezifanelekileyo. Ezi zidlo, zikwabizwa ngokuba kukutya okulula okanye izidlo ze-microwave, ziphekwa kwangaphambili kwaye zipakishwe ukuze zifudunyezwe ngokulula kwaye zityiwe. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokupakisha ukutya okusele ilungile ibeka imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuthinteleni ukosuleleka kunye nokwandisa ubomi babo beshelufu.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga amanyathelo ahlukeneyo athatyathwe ngexesha lokupakishwa kwezidlo ezisele zilungile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukusuka kulawulo lokukhula kwentsholongwane ukuya ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha, ishishini lokutya liphumeza uluhlu lwezicwangciso-qhinga zokugcina umgangatho woku kutya. Makhe sihlolisise iinkcukacha kwaye siqonde amanyathelo alandelwayo ukunqanda ukosuleleka kunye nokwandisa ixesha leshelufu lokutya okusele kulungisiwe.

Ukuqinisekisa ucoceko olululo

Ukugcina iinkqubo zococeko ezingqongqo kubalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko ngexesha lokupakishwa kwezidlo ezisele zilungile. Oku kuqala ngoyilo oluyilwe kakuhle lwesibonelelo esahlula izinto ezikrwada kunye nezithako kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ucoceko olwaneleyo kunye neeprothokholi zococeko ziphunyeziwe ukugcina iindawo zokusetyenzwa zikhululekile kuyo nayiphi na imithombo enokubakho yongcoliseko.

Ngaphezu koko, izenzo ezingqongqo zococeko lobuqu zinyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo kubo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokupakisha. Abasebenzi baqeqeshwa rhoqo kubuchule bokuhlamba izandla, ukubaluleka kokunxiba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, nokuphepha nayiphi na imikhwa enokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lokutya. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ubambelela kwezi zenzo, iingozi zosulelo zinokuncitshiswa kakhulu.

Ukulawula Ukukhula kweMicrobial

Omnye wemiba ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukosuleleka kwizidlo ezisele zilungile kukulawula ukukhula kweentsholongwane. Iintsholongwane, kuquka iibhaktheriya, igwele kunye nokungunda, zinokuphindaphindeka ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, ezikhokelela ekonakaleni kokutya kunye nobungozi obunokubakho kwimpilo kubathengi. Ukujongana noku, amanyathelo amaninzi aphunyezwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokupakisha.

1. Ulawulo lobushushu

Ukugcina amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukukhula kweentsholongwane. Abavelisi bokutya basebenzisa iindlela zokukhenkcisa ukuze bagcine izithako ezonakalayo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zibanda. Oku kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms. Ukongeza, izinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziselwa ukutya okusele zilungile zihlala ziyilelwe ukubonelela nge-insulation kunye nokugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha.

2. Ukupakishwa kweAtmosphere eLungisiweyo (MAP)

I-Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) bubuchule obusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu bezidlo ezisele zilungile. Kule ndlela, umoya ongaphakathi kwipakethe utshintshwa ngumxube wegesi olawulwa ngononophelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ioksijini iyancitshiswa ngelixa amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen enyuka. Lo moya ulungisiweyo unceda ekunqandeni ukukhula kwemicrobial kunye nokusabela kwe-enzymatic okunokukhokelela ekonakaleni. I-MAP ikwanceda ukugcina ukumila, umbala, kunye nencasa yokutya.

3. Inkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (HPP)

I-High-Pressure Processing (HPP) yenye indlela entsha esetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwe-microbial kwizidlo ezisele zilungile. Apha, izidlo ezipakishiweyo ziphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic, olubulala ngokufanelekileyo ibhaktheriya, ukungunda, kunye negwele. Le nkqubo inceda ekwandiseni ubomi beshelufu yokutya ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ixabiso labo lesondlo okanye iimpawu zovakalelo. I-HPP iluncedo kakhulu kwiimveliso ezingakwaziyo ukungena kwiindlela zokunyanga ubushushu besintu.

4. Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo zokutya

Izongezo zokutya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukosuleleka kunye nokwandisa ixesha leshelufu lokutya okusele kulungisiwe. Ezinye izongezo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ziquka izigcini, i-antioxidants, kunye ne-antimicrobial agents. Izilondolozo ezifana ne-benzoates kunye ne-sorbates zithintela ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye nokubumba. Ii-Antioxidants ezifana ne-ascorbic acid kunye ne-tocopherols zikhusela ukusabela kwe-oxidative, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukubola. Ii-antimicrobial agents, njenge-lactic acid kunye ne-sodium diacetate, zongezwa ukuvimbela ukukhula kwee-microorganisms ezithile.

Ukukhetha iziXhobo zokuPakisha ezifanelekileyo

Ukukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lokutya okusele kulungisiwe. Ukupakishwa kusebenza njengomqobo phakathi kwemveliso kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle, ukukhusela kwiingozi zomzimba, iikhemikhali kunye neentsholongwane. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili zokuqwalaselwa ekukhetheni izinto zokupakisha zezidlo ezisele zilungile:

1. Iipropati zesithintelo

Izinto zokupakisha kufuneka zinikeze umqobo owaneleyo kwi-oksijeni, umswakama, ukukhanya, kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle ezinokukhawulezisa ukubola. Iipropathi zomqobo zinceda ukuthintela ukuphendula kwe-oxidative, ukufunxa ukufuma, kunye nokukhula kwee-microorganisms. Izinto ezifana neefilimu ezenziwe ngetsimbi, iibhodi zephepha ezilaminethiweyo, kunye nolwakhiwo olunamanqanaba amaninzi luqhele ukusetyenziswa ukukhulisa iipropathi zomqobo.

2. Ukutywina Ingqibelelo

Ukupakishwa kufuneka kube nengqibelelo ebalaseleyo yotywino ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukungena kwezingcolisi. Ukutywinwa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba izidlo zihlala zikhuselekile kwaye zikhuselwe ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutywinwa kobushushu, ukutywinwa kwe-ultrasonic, kunye nokutywinwa kwe-induction zisetyenziswa ngokusekwe kwizinto zokupakisha kunye nenqanaba elifunekayo lokhuseleko.

3. Microwavability

Kuba izidlo ezisele zilungile zihlala zifudunyezwa kwii-microwaves, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto zokupakisha ezikhuselekileyo kwi-microwave. Iifilimu okanye iitreyi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuveliswa zii-oveni zemicrowave zikhethwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenziseka lula kwabathengi ngelixa kugcinwa umgangatho wemveliso.

4. Tamper Ubungqina

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nokwakha ukuthembana, ukupakishwa okubonakalayo kuyasetyenziswa kwizidlo ezisele zilungile. Iimpawu ezibonisa ukonakala ezifana nezitywina zokungenisa ubushushu, iibhanti ezishwabeneyo, okanye imicu yokukrazula inika ubungqina obubonakalayo bokuphazamisana, ukuqinisekisa abathengi ukuba imveliso ayizange ithotyelwe phambi kokuba isetyenziswe.

Ukuphumeza iMilinganiselo yoLawulo loMgangatho

Ukuhlangabezana nemithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokuhambisa ukutya okusele kusemgangathweni ophezulu kubathengi, abavelisi bokutya baphumeza amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho owomeleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokupakisha. La manyathelo anceda ukuchonga nokuphelisa nayiphi na imiba enokuthi ibeke esichengeni ukhuseleko okanye ubomi beshelufu beemveliso.

1. Ukuhlolwa koMzimba

Ukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa ukuchonga naziphi na iziphene ezibonakalayo kwipakethe, ezifana nokuvuza, iinyembezi, okanye naziphi na izinto zangaphandle ezinokuthi zingene ngexesha lenkqubo. Ubugcisa obuphucukileyo obufana noomatshini beX-reyi badla ngokusetyenziswa ukuze kubonwe naziphi na izinto ezingcolisayo ezisenokungabonakali ngeliso lenyama.

2. Uvavanyo lweMicrobiological

Uvavanyo lweMicrobiological lwenziwa rhoqo ukujonga ubukho bemicroorganisms ezinobungozi kwizidlo ezipakishweyo. Oku kunceda ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwamanyathelo olawulo aphunyeziweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihambelana nemigangatho ye-microbial echaziweyo yokhuseleko.

3. Uvavanyo loBomi beShelf

Ukumisela ubomi beshelufu yokutya okulungeleyo, izifundo ezikhawulezayo zobomi beshelufu ziqhutywa ngokubeka iimveliso kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokugcina. Olu phononongo lunceda ukuqikelela ixesha elilindelekileyo phambi kokuba umgangatho wemveliso uqale ukuwohloka, nto leyo evumela abavelisi ukuba bamisele imihla efanelekileyo yokuphelelwa. Ukujongwa rhoqo kweempawu zovakalelo lweemveliso kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izidlo zigcina umgangatho wazo kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bazo beshelufa.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukupakishwa kwezidlo ezisele zilungile kubandakanya imilinganiselo ecokisekileyo yokuthintela ukosuleleka kunye nokwandisa ixesha labo leshelufu. Ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwizenzo zococeko, ukulawulwa kokukhula kwe-microbial ngokulawulwa kobushushu, i-Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), kunye ne-High-Pressure Processing (HPP), kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezongezo zokutya, zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wezi zidlo. Ukongezelela, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo zokupakisha kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ongqongqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ingqibelelo kunye nobomi beshelufu bezidlo ezisele zilungile.

Njengoko imfuno yoncedo iqhubeka nokukhula, ishishini lokutya liza kuqhubeka livelisa kwaye licokisa iinkqubo zokupakisha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutya okusele kulungiselelwe kuhlala kukhuselekile, kulula, kwaye kuthembekile ukhetho lwabathengi. Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko nomgangatho wokutya, abavelisi banokuhlangabezana noko kulindelwe ngabathengi, babalungiselele izidlo ezisele zinencasa nezinesondlo abanokuzinandipha ngokuzithemba.