Binciken ƙa'idar asali, tsari da kuma kula da da'ira na na'urar auna manyan kan lantarki

Mawallafi: Smartweigh– Nauyin Kai Mai Yawa

1 Babban ƙa'ida da tsarin na'urar auna kai mai yawa Babban ƙa'idar na'urar auna kai mai yawa ita ce bayan an ɗora abu a cikin sikelin, na'urar auna nauyi tana canza siginar nauyi ta yanar gizo zuwa fitarwar siginar lantarki mai daidaito, sannan na'urar auna kai mai yawa tana ƙara girma, tacewa, canza A/D, kuma tana sarrafa fitowar siginar dijital ta na'urar aunawa sannan ta nuna shi a allon nuni. Ana iya raba na'urar auna kai mai yawa zuwa sassa huɗu, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1. Babban ƙa'ida, tsari da nazarin kula da kewaye na teburin aunawa: Na farko, ɓangaren na'urar auna nauyi, wanda babban aikinsa shine canza siginar nauyi ta yanar gizo da aka ƙara a dandalin aunawa zuwa fitowar siginar lantarki ta kashi; na biyu, ɓangaren nuni na dijital, wanda babban aikinsa shine nuna fitowar siginar dijital ta na'urar aunawa akan allon bayan ƙara girma, tacewa, canza A/D da sarrafa dijital; na uku, ɓangaren jikin sikelin, wanda babban aikinsa shine ɗaukar kaya, da tsarin injiniya kuma za'a iya raba su zuwa dandamalin sikelin, maɓallin iyakancewa, da kuma gong bolt; kayan aikin lantarki suna da tashoshi, kebul na sadarwa, da sauransu.; na huɗu, ɓangaren gefe, wanda ke nufin kayan aikin da aka haɗa da tashar fitarwa ta siginar kayan aikin nunin dijital da karɓar siginar fitarwa na allon kayan aiki; kayan haɗin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da firintoci, manyan nunin allo, da tsarin gudanarwa na kwamfuta mai hankali; ban da haka, akwai shigarwa da fitarwa na analog, fitarwa na fiber na gani, fitarwa na jigilar kaya na matsakaici, da sauransu. Teburin auna nauyi na lantarki na sikelin lantarki mai yawa za a iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga nau'in sigina, wato, teburin auna nauyi na analog mai yawa da teburin auna nauyi na dijital mai yawa. Teburin auna nauyi na analog yana karɓar siginar dijital, kuma jikin sikelin yana amfani da firikwensin analog, waɗanda ke canza nauyin da aka ƙara a sikelin zuwa fitarwa ta siginar lantarki mai daidaito ta hanyar nakasa jikin roba don haifar da juriya na ma'aunin matsin lamba na resistor; sikelin auna nauyi na dijital kayan aiki ne wanda ya haɗu da fasahar bayanai ta lantarki ta zamani, fasahar sarrafa ƙananan kayayyaki, fasahar diyya ta dijital da firikwensin auna nauyi na gargajiya. Zai iya ƙididdige nauyin ta kwamfuta da nunawa, adanawa, kwafi da aika shi ta hanyar samar da hanyar sadarwa da yarjejeniya da ta dace da firikwensin dijital. 2 Hanyoyin gyara ma'aunin auna kai mai yawa na lantarki da da'irorin firikwensin Sikelin auna kai mai yawa na lantarki Akwai yanayi daban-daban na kurakurai na teburin masu auna nauyi, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da kurakurai. Kuma yanayin kuskure iri ɗaya sau da yawa yana da dalilai daban-daban. Saboda buƙatar gano lahani, dole ne mu fara ƙoƙarin nemo da tantance wurin da laifin ya faru. Binciken laifin ya dogara ne akan yanayin laifin da aka taƙaita yayin laifin da ayyukan sassan tsarin, na'urorin lantarki, masu haɗawa, da sassa. Tare da nau'ikan laifin da aka taƙaita yayin gyara matsala ta yau da kullun, ana duba duk abubuwan da ke haifar da laifin kuma ana yin nazari a kansu. Sannan, dangane da multimeter, kwamitin kayan aikin siginar bidiyo, ta hanyoyi daban-daban, duba matsayin da ba daidai ba ɗaya bayan ɗaya, sannan a ƙarshe a tantance wurin laifin. 2.1 Kasawa da abubuwan muhalli ke haifarwa Canje-canje a cikin abubuwan muhalli na iya haifar da auna ma'aunin lantarki. Manyan abubuwan sun haɗa da canje-canje a cikin samar da wutar lantarki. Girgiza, saurin iska, bugun walƙiya, da sauransu, wanda ke sa sikelin lantarki ya yi aiki ba tare da daidaito ba. Saboda haka, ya kamata a fara sikelin lantarki da ƙarancin iko a cikin yanayin iska da tsawa. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a yi amfani da matakan kariyar walƙiya da kuma ƙasa da ma'aunin lantarki yadda ya kamata. Don girgiza, ana iya amfani da matakan kariya daga girgiza kamar na'urorin buffer da ramukan kariya don rage tasirinsa. Ba za a iya amfani da wutar lantarki ta tsarin lantarki don haɗa ma'aunin lantarki kai tsaye ko kuma gyara sigar da aka tsara don samar da wutar lantarki ba. 2.2 Rashin kayan aiki a matakin jiki na sikelin Rashin kayan aiki a matakin jiki na sikelin ya haɗa da lalacewar tallafin sikelin, datti yana matse jikin sikelin, gazawar kayan aiki na canza iyaka, da gazawar na'urar auna nauyi. Sikelin lantarki sau da yawa yana motsa kayan aiki a cikin amfani na dogon lokaci, kuma kayan suna warwatse koyaushe. Ana tallafawa sassan injina na dogon lokaci. Lalacewa na iya haifar da lalacewa ga sassan injina cikin sauƙi. Rashin nasarar sassan injina na sikelin lantarki yawanci ana iya ganin su kai tsaye da idanu, ko kuma ana iya gano su cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ko jikin sikelin yana girgiza da sassauƙa don kawar da lahani. 2.3 Rashin nasarar firikwensin Firikwensin auna shine babban ɓangaren sikelin lantarki. Yana da aikin canza ƙarfi zuwa siginar lantarki. Rashin nasarar firikwensin aunawa na iya haifar da manyan karkacewa cikin auna ma'aunin lantarki cikin sauƙi. Sikelin ba zai iya komawa sifili ba. Bambancin nauyin ƙafafu yana da girma. Maimaitawar ba ta da kyau, da sauransu. 1) Idan akwai babban karkacewa a cikin auna ma'aunin lantarki, da farko a lura ko ƙimar lambar ta tabbata, ko akwai gogayya a kowane matsayi na na'urar firikwensin, ko wutar lantarki mai daidaitawa tana da ƙarfi, da kuma ko da'irar op amp ta al'ada ce. , yi amfani da ma'aunin daidaito don duba ko ƙafafu huɗu na sikelin suna da nauyi daidai. Bisa ga umarnin, ƙara bincika allon kayan aiki ko daidaita nauyin da aka ƙayyade. 2) Idan sikelin lantarki ba zai iya komawa sifili ba, da farko a duba ko ƙimar siginar fitarwa ta firikwensin tana cikin daidaitaccen (jimlar lambar canji ta A/D/jerin lambar aikace-aikace/jerin lambar ƙasa). Idan ƙimar siginar ba ta cikin daidaitaccen ba, a daidaita juriyar firikwensin da za a iya daidaitawa don daidaita ƙimar siginar zuwa daidaitaccen. Idan ba za a iya rama shi ba, da fatan a duba ko firikwensin yana da lahani. Bayan tabbatar da cewa fitowar firikwensin ta al'ada ce (jikin sikelin yana da ƙarfi), a kulle madaidaicin kwamitin kayan aiki. Idan akwai matsala, yawanci da'irar amplifier da da'irar juyawa ta A/D ne ke haifar da shi. Bayan haka, bisa ga ƙa'idar da'irar, ya kamata mu fara duba ko wutar lantarki ta zama ta al'ada, sannan mu haɗa shigar siginar zuwa siginar bidiyo, mu daidaita girman shigarwar siginar bidiyo, sannan mu ga ko ƙarfin lantarki bayan ƙaruwar ya zama na al'ada. Sannan mu yi amfani da na'urar juyawa ta dijital don duba ko na'urar juyawa ta lu'ulu'u mai aiki tana juyawa, duba ko fitowar kowane batu ta al'ada ce, sannan a ƙarshe mu duba da'irar optocoupler da sauran da'irar fitarwa don gano matsalar. 3) Sikelin lantarki yana da babban karkacewar nauyin ƙafa ko rashin iya maimaitawa. Wannan yanayin yana kama da yanayin rashin iya komawa sifili. Yawancin lokaci, yana iya zama saboda canjin ƙaramin kewayon shigar sigina. Dangane da hanyar rashin iya komawa sifili, idan ba a sami matsala ba, da farko a duba wutar lantarki. Ko da'irar A/D ta al'ada ce, sannan a duba fitowar firikwensin. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da hanyar aunawa mai motsi don duba laifin da aka saba na na'urar juyawa. Mafita ita ce a haɗa wayar firikwensin da kyau zuwa motherboard, a yi amfani da kayan DCV na mitar dijital (lambobi huɗu da rabi ko fiye sun fi kyau), sannan a auna S+ zuwa Shin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙasa da S- don ƙasa iri ɗaya ne (zai fi dacewa da karkacewar 0)? Idan ba haka ba, ana buƙatar a biya firikwensin. Hanyar ita ce idan siginar fitarwa ta firikwensin ta yi yawa, da fatan za a ƙara resistor mai canzawa tsakanin "E+S-" na firikwensin don sanya ƙimar siginar a cikin kewayon al'ada (ƙasa da juriya, ƙasa da siginar fitarwa ta firikwensin). Idan siginar fitarwa ta firikwensin ta yi ƙasa ko -ERR, da fatan za a ƙara resistor mai canzawa tsakanin "E+~S+" na firikwensin don sanya ƙimar siginar a cikin kewayon al'ada (ƙasa da juriya, mafi girman siginar fitarwa ta firikwensin). 2.4 Siginar sikelin lantarki mai yawa Sauran kurakurai da gyare-gyare na mita mai auna nauyi 1) Lokacin da ba za a iya kunna sikelin lantarki ba, da farko duba babban maɓallin wutar lantarki na sikelin lantarki, toshe wutar lantarki, maɓallin juyawar wutar lantarki da sauran sassan samar da wutar lantarki da daidaiton wadata da buƙata. Idan babu matsala, to a duba ko na'urar canza wutar lantarki tana da shigarwar AC da fitarwar AC. Idan allon kayan aiki yana da baturi, a cire batirin sannan a kunna shi da wutar AC don guje wa lahani da ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi ke haifarwa. A ƙarshe, a duba ko da'irar inverter, da'irar mai daidaita wutar lantarki da da'irar optocoupler nuni ba su da matsala. Idan waɗannan al'ada ne, a duba ko CPU da da'irar taimako sun ƙone. 2) Allon sikelin lantarki yana nuna lambar kuskure. A cire da'irar nuni ta asali a maye gurbinta da da'irar nuni ta yau da kullun don ganin ko al'ada ce. Idan nunin Idan bayanin ya kasance kamar yadda aka saba, yana nufin akwai matsala tare da da'irar nuni. Idan ba daidai ba ne, a duba ko da'irar optocoupler tana da matsala, kuma a ƙarshe a duba ko fil ɗin fitarwa na CPU yana cikin kewayon fitarwa mai inganci. 3) Maɓallin aiki ba ya aiki yadda ya kamata ko ba ya aiki. Da farko, a duba ko akwai zubewa a wurin maɓallin aiki, wanda ke haifar da gajeren da'ira ko gajeren da'ira; na biyu, a duba ko toshe maɓallin aiki da soket ɗin wutar lantarki suna cikin hulɗa mai kyau kuma ko akwai wani sassauƙa; na uku, a duba ko soket ɗin maɓallin aiki yana da kyau; na huɗu, duba ko soket ɗin wutar lantarki na sikelin lantarki da layin haɗin wutar lantarki na CPU suna da gajeren da'ira ko gajeren da'ira. Idan har yanzu ba a gano matsalar ba, na biyar shine a auna daidai ko diodes da resistor akan maɓallan aiki da da'irar CPU suna da gajerun da'ira ko gajerun da'ira. A takaice, dalilin multihead na lantarki Akwai kurakurai da yawa da aka saba gani a cikin ma'aunin nauyi, kuma yanayin lahani suma suna da rikitarwa. Wani lokaci kurakurai da yawa suna faruwa a lokaci guda. Sikelin ma'aunin ... A cikin wannan takarda, an fara tattauna tsari da ƙa'idar auna nauyi na ma'aunin ... na uku shine sashin jiki na sikelin, wanda babban aikinsa shine ɗaukar kaya, kuma tsarin injiniya kuma za'a iya raba shi zuwa dandamalin auna nauyi, makullin iyaka na motsi, da kuma ƙugiya ta gong; kayan aikin lantarki suna da tashoshi, kebul na sadarwa, da sauransu; na huɗu shine ɓangaren gefe, wanda ke nufin kayan aikin da aka haɗa da tashar fitarwa ta siginar kayan aikin nunin dijital da karɓar siginar fitarwa na allon kayan aiki; kayan haɗin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da firintoci, manyan nunin allo, da tsarin gudanarwa na kwamfuta mai hankali; ban da haka, akwai kuma shigarwa da fitarwa na analog, fitarwa ta fiber optical, fitarwa ta relay ta tsakiya, da sauransu.

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