Cov xwm txheej kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam ntim khoom siv

Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuab ntim khoom nqus tsev tsuas yog tsim tau 20 xyoo xwb, nrog rau lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, tsis txaus thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb, uas tau rub kev lag luam khoom noj thiab ntim khoom mus rau qee qhov. Nws tau kwv yees tias los ntawm xyoo 2010, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev yuav ncav cuag 130 billion yuan (tus nqi tam sim no), thiab kev thov ua lag luam yuav ncav cuag 200 billion yuan. Yuav ua li cas kom ntes thiab ntes lub khw loj no sai li sai tau yog qhov teeb meem uas peb xav tau daws sai sai. Qhov xwm txheej kev txhim kho ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam tshuab ntim khoom nqus tsev. Tuam Tshoj lub tshuab ntim khoom nqus tsev pib thaum xyoo 1970s, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig txhua xyoo tsuas yog 70 lossis 80 lab yuan. Muaj tsuas yog ntau dua 100 hom. Tag nrho cov muag khoom tau nce ntxiv los ntawm 15 billion yuan xyoo 1994 txog 2000. Tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm 30 billion yuan, ntau yam khoom tau loj hlob los ntawm 270 xyoo 1994 mus rau 3,700 xyoo 2000. Qib khoom tau mus txog qib tshiab, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom loj, tiav thiab automation tau pib tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom siv nrog kev sib kis nyuaj thiab cov ntsiab lus siab tau pib tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias kuv lub teb chaws cov tshuab tsim khoom tau ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau hauv tsev thiab pib xa tawm mus rau Sab Qab Teb Asia thiab cov teb chaws thib peb hauv ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, kuv lub teb chaws tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm thiab xa tawm hauv xyoo 2000 yog 2.737 billion US dollars, ntawm cov khoom xa tawm yog 1.29 billion US dollars, nce ntxiv los ntawm xyoo 1999. Qhov ntawd yog 22.2%. Ntawm cov tshuab xa tawm, cov khoom noj (mis nyuj, pastry, nqaij, txiv hmab txiv ntoo) ua tshuab, qhov cub, ntim khoom, tshuab daim ntawv lo, ntawv-yas-txhuas composite tuaj yeem tsim khoom siv thiab lwm yam tshuab feem ntau raug xa tawm. Cov tshuab ua zaub mov xws li qab zib, cawv, thiab dej haus, Cov tshuab ntim khoom siv nqus tsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv tau pib xa tawm cov khoom tiav. Qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm kev txhim kho Raws li kev ntim khoom noj, cov txheej txheem ntim khoom siv feem ntau thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws niaj hnub no tau muab faib ua ob pawg, uas yog kev sau thiab qhwv. Txoj kev sau yog qhov tsim nyog rau yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv thiab txhua yam thawv ntim khoom. Tshwj xeeb, rau cov kua, hmoov, thiab cov ntaub ntawv granular nrog cov kua zoo, cov txheej txheem ntim khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev cia siab rau nws tus kheej lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv los ntawm qee yam kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab. Rau cov kua semi-kua nrog viscosity muaj zog lossis cov khoom ib leeg thiab ua ke nrog lub cev loj dua, cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua xws li kev zawm, thawb rau hauv, xaiv thiab tso yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Raws li txoj kev qhwv, nws txawv ntawm qhov no. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom ib leeg lossis ua ke nrog cov tsos tsis tu ncua, kev nruj txaus, thiab ntim khoom nruj dua. Cov yas yooj ywm thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw (qee qhov ntxiv Cov pallets Sib dua, cov ntaub liners), qhwv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab. Nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los no, kev lag luam ntim khoom thoob ntiaj teb tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov peev xwm dav dav thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuab ntim khoom thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntim khoom, muab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom raws sijhawm thiab yoog raws rau cov khoom sib txawv uas tab tom txhim kho sai hauv kev ua lag luam. Tib lub sijhawm, raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm kev yooj yim ntim khoom thiab cov thev naus laus zis ntim khoom zoo dua, kev tshawb nrhiav tas mus li tau ua kom nrawm dua ntawm nws tus kheej kev tsim kho tshiab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog teb rau kev txhim kho synchronous ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab niaj hnub, nws maj mam meej. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub kaw lus tshiab ntawm cov tshuab ntim khoom uas muaj ntau haiv neeg, dav dav, thiab ntau yam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsom mus rau kev daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev sib koom ua ke electromechanical, uas yog qhov tsis ntseeg qhov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Kev ntim khoom siv tshuab es tsis txhob ntim khoom tes tau txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntim khoom, tab sis kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ntim khoom kuj tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo. Yav tom ntej, tsis yog tsuas yog ntim khoom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsim cov tshuab ntim khoom rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntsuab yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm yav tom ntej. Kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam ntim khoom Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab ntim khoom pib lig, pib xyoo 1970. Tom qab kawm txog cov tshuab ntim khoom Nyiv Pooj, Beijing Institute of Commercial Machinery tau ua tiav kev tsim cov tshuab ntim khoom thawj zaug hauv Suav teb. Tom qab ntau tshaj 20 xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab ntim khoom tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kaum lub lag luam saum toj kawg nkaus hauv kev lag luam tshuab, muab kev lav zoo rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj kev lag luam ntim khoom. Qee cov tshuab ntim khoom tau sau qhov sib txawv hauv tsev thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv tsev. Qee cov khoom kuj raug xa tawm. Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab ntim khoom xa tuaj yog kwv yees li sib npaug rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tso tawm, uas nyob deb ntawm cov teb chaws tsim. Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam, kuj muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Nyob rau theem no, qib ntawm Tuam Tshoj kev lag luam tshuab ntim khoom tsis siab txaus. Kev lag luam tshuab ntim khoom tab tom dhau los ua monopolized ntau dua. Tsuas yog cov tshuab ntim khoom corrugated thiab qee lub tshuab ntim khoom me me uas muaj qee qhov loj thiab qhov zoo xwb, lwm cov tshuab ntim khoom yuav luag tawm ntawm qhov system thiab qhov loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee cov kab ntau lawm ntim khoom tiav nrog kev thov siab hauv kev ua lag luam, xws li cov kab ntau lawm kua, cov thawv ntim khoom haus tiav cov khoom siv, cov kab ntau lawm ntim khoom aseptic, thiab lwm yam, yog monopolized los ntawm ntau pawg loj ntim khoom lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam ntim khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov lag luam hauv tsev yuav tsum ua cov kev ntsuas tawm tsam thaum ntsib qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov hom txawv teb chaws. Kev txiav txim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, kev thov thoob ntiaj teb rau cov tshuab ntim khoom loj hlob ntawm tus nqi txhua xyoo ntawm 5.3%. Tebchaws Meskas muaj cov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom loj tshaj plaws, ua raws li Nyiv Pooj, thiab lwm cov chaw tsim khoom loj suav nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Tuam Tshoj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom siv ntim khoom yav tom ntej yuav nyob hauv cov tebchaws thiab thaj chaw tsim kho. Cov tebchaws tsim kho yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev thov hauv tsev, thiab nrhiav cov chaw tsim khoom hauv zos tsim nyog hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nqis peev hauv cov chaw ua zaub mov thiab muab cov tshuab ntim khoom thiab khoom siv. Tuam Tshoj tau ua tiav zoo txij li nws nkag mus rau WTO. Qib ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab ntim khoom tau zoo dua sai heev, thiab qhov sib txawv nrog lub ntiaj teb qib siab tau maj mam nqaim. Nrog rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev qhib dav dua, Tuam Tshoj cov tshuab ntim khoom kuj tseem yuav qhib kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntxiv.