Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kweindasitiri yemichina yekurongedza

Indasitiri yemichina yekurongedza vacuum muChina yave nemakore makumi maviri chete yakagadzirwa, iine hwaro husina kusimba, tekinoroji isina kukwana uye kugona kutsvagisa kwesainzi, uye kukura kwayo kuri kunonoka, izvo zvakadhonzera indasitiri yezvekudya nekurongedza kusvika pamwero wakati. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2010, huwandu hwese hwezvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yemuno hunogona kusvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu eyuan (mutengo wazvino), uye kudiwa kwemusika kunogona kusvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri eyuan. Maitiro ekubata nekutora musika uyu mukuru nekukurumidza idambudziko ratinofanira kugadzirisa nekukurumidza. Mamiriro ekugadzirwa kweindasitiri yemichina yekurongedza vacuum munyika yangu. Muchina wekurongedza vacuum muChina wakatanga kuma1970 ekupedzisira, uine huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvegore negore hwe70 kana mamiriyoni makumi masere eyuan chete. Kune marudzi anopfuura zana chete. Kutengeswa kwese kwakawedzera kubva pamabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emayuan muna 1994 kusvika 2000. Mutengo wegore negore we30 bhiriyoni yemayuan, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa dzakakura kubva pa270 muna 1994 kusvika pa3,700 muna 2000. Chigadzirwa chasvika padanho idzva, uye maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvakakura, zvakakwana uye otomatiki atanga kuoneka, uye michina ine transmission yakaoma uye yehunyanzvi yatanga kuoneka. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kugadzirwa kwemichina yenyika yangu kwasangana nezvinodiwa zvemukati uye kwakatanga kutumira kuSoutheast Asia nenyika dzepasi rose. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwese hwenyika yangu hwekupinza nekutumira kunze kwenyika muna 2000 hwaive 2.737 bhiriyoni yemayuan, ayo kunze kwenyika kwaive 1.29 bhiriyoni yemayuan, kuwedzera kubva muna 1999. Ndiwo 22.2%. Pakati pemhando dzemichina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, michina yekugadzira chikafu (yemukaka, keke, nyama, michero), maovheni, kurongedza, michina yekunyora mazita, michina yekugadzira magaba epepa-purasitiki-aluminium nezvimwe michina zvinonyanya kutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Michina yekudya yakaita seshuga, waini, nezvinwiwa, Michina yekurongedza yeVacuum nezvimwe zvishandiso zvatanga kutumira kunze kwenyika zvese. Mamiriro azvino ekuvandudzwa. Nezvekurongedza chikafu, nzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa uye dzakakosha dzekurongedza nhasi dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, zvinoti kuzadza nekuputira. Nzira yekuzadza yakakodzera zvinhu zvese nemarudzi ese emidziyo yekurongedza. Kunyanya, kune zvinwiwa, hupfu, uye zvinhu zvine granular zvine fluidity yakanaka, maitiro ekurongedza anogona kupedzwa zvakanyanya nekuvimba nehukuru hwayo, uye inofanira kuwedzerwa nekuita kwakati kwemuchina. Kune semi-fluid ine viscosity yakasimba kana zvikamu zvega uye zvakabatana zvine muviri mukuru, matanho anoenderana akadai sekudzvanya, kusundira mukati, kutora uye kuisa zvinodiwa. Kana iri nzira yekuputira, yakasiyana neiyi. Inonyanya kukodzera zvikamu zvega kana zvakabatana zvine chitarisiko chakajairika, kuomarara kwakakwana, uye kuputira kwakasimba. Mapurasitiki anochinjika nezvinhu zvavo zvakasanganiswa (mamwe mapallet akareruka, ma liners), akaputirwa nekuita kwemuchina. Mumakore gumi apfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yekurongedza yave ichinyanya kukosha pakuvandudza kugona kwakajairika uye kugona kwekubatanidza michina yekurongedza uye sisitimu yese yekurongedza, ichipa nzira dzekugadzira dzinoenderana nenguva uye dzinochinjika dzezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zviri kukura nekukurumidza mumusika. Panguva imwe chete, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekurerutsa kurongedza uye tekinoroji yepamusoro yekurongedza, kutsvaga kunoramba kuripo kwakakurumidzisa zvakanyanya kumhanya kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwetekinoroji. Kunyanya mukupindura kufambiswa kwezvishandiso zvemuchina zvemazuva ano otomatiki, zviri pachena zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti pave nehurongwa hutsva hwemichina yekurongedza yakasiyana-siyana, yepasi rose, uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakakosha kutanga kutarisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko makuru ekubatanidza uye kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi, iyo pasina mubvunzo iri gwara rakakosha rekuvandudza mune ramangwana. Kurongedza kwemuchina panzvimbo pekurongedza nemaoko kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekupaka, asi kuwanda kwekurongedza kwavewo dambudziko. Mune ramangwana, kwete kurongedza chete, asiwo michina yekurongedza ichakudziridza kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwakasvibirira ndiro dingindira guru remangwana. Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemichina yekurongedza Michina yekurongedza yeChina yakatanga kunonoka, kutanga kuma1970. Mushure mekudzidza michina yekurongedza yekuJapan, Beijing Institute of Commercial Machinery yakapedza kugadzira muchina wekutanga wekurongedza wekuChina. Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi maviri ekuvandudzwa, michina yekurongedza yekuChina yave imwe yeindasitiri gumi dzepamusoro muindasitiri yemichina, ichipa vimbiso yakasimba yekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yekurongedza yekuChina. Mimwe michina yekurongedza yakazadza mukaha wemuno uye inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nemusika wemuno. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwawo kunze kwenyika. Zvinotengwa neChina muchina wekurongedza zvakaenzana nehuwandu hwese hwezvinobuda, izvo zviri kure nenyika dzakabudirira. Nekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri, kunewo matambudziko akatevedzana. Padanho rino, huwandu hweindasitiri yemichina yekurongedza yekuChina hahuna kukwana. Musika wemichina yekurongedza uri kuramba uchitongwa zvakanyanya. Kunze kwemichina yekurongedza yakakombama nemimwe michina midiki yekurongedza ine saizi uye zvakanakira, mimwe michina yekurongedza inenge isisashande zvakanaka, kunyanya mimwe michina yekugadzira machira yakazara ine kudiwa kukuru pamusika, senge mitsara yekugadzira yekuzadza mvura, seti yakazara yemidziyo yekurongedza yedoro, mitsara yekugadzira machira asina utachiona, nezvimwewo, inotongwa nemapoka makuru emakambani ekugadzira michina yekurongedza mumusika wepasi rose wemichina yekurongedza, uye mabhizinesi emuno anofanira kutora matanho ekudzivirira akasimba mukukanganiswa kwakasimba kwemhando dzekunze. Kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu aripo, kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemichina yekurongedza kuri kukura nechiyero chegore che5.3%. United States ine mugadziri mukuru wemichina yekurongedza, ichiteverwa neJapan, uye vamwe vagadziri vakuru vanosanganisira Germany, Italy neChina. Zvisinei, kukura nekukurumidza kwekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekurongedza mune ramangwana kuchave munyika dzichiri kusimukira nenzvimbo. Nyika dzakabudirira dzichabatsirwa nekukurudzira kudiwa kwemuno, uye kuwana vagadziri vakakodzera vemuno munyika dziri kusimukira, kunyanya kuisa mari mumafekitori ekugadzira chikafu nekupa michina yekurongedza nemidziyo. China yafambira mberi zvikuru kubva payakapinda muWTO. Mwero wemichina yekurongedza yeChina wavandudzika nekukurumidza, uye musiyano uripo pakati pedanho repamusoro-soro repasi rose waderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kuvhura kweChina, michina yekurongedza yeChina ichawedzerawo kuvhura musika wepasi rose.