Pūmana pauna mō te pauna maha-upoko

Kaituhi: Smartweigh– Taumaha Maha-Upoko

1. Te hanganga me ngā tawhā hangarau o te pūmana pauna mō te pauna maha-upoko Ko te pauna maha-upoko he pūnaha pauna hihiri ipurangi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ko te nuinga o te mea he whitiki kawe uta, he kaikawe, he taputapu tirotiro, he pūmana pauna, he taumaha kupenga. Ngā taputapu whakatū me ētahi atu wāhanga, me te tautuhi aunoa, te manatoko ine hihiri me ētahi atu āhuatanga. I te wā e mahi ana, me te kore he mana ā-ringa, ka tukuna aunoa e te whitiki kawe uta te rauemi mata hei pauna ki te kaikawe, kia rite ki ngā wāhanga tirotiro whatu e rua i ngā taha e rua o te papa pauna hei wehewehe i te tūranga o te rauemi mata hei pauna, ā, ka whakatūria i mua i runga i ngā taputapu tautuhinga. He pai te awhe taumaha kupenga hei whakahaere i te tirotiro. Kia pai ake ai te pupuri i te rauemi mata e paunatia ana i runga i te tauine kia rite ki te tere o te kaikawe, kua whakaritea kia tere, kia tika, kia pono hoki te papa whakahaere pauna.

Ka whakamahia te pūmana pauna hei whakahaere i te pauna maha-upoko o te takahanga i runga i te tīma pēhanga takahanga i roto i te mara rapa whakamomona. Ko te nuinga o te mea he pūnaha whakahaere aunoa e titoa ana e 51 ngā rorohiko iti maramara-kotahi, he whakakaha-mua, he taputapu tautuhinga, he rama whakaatu hua tirotiro, he kaute hiko, he mīhini tārua, he pūhiko whakawhiti, me ērā atu mea. Ko tōna anga matua e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1.

Ka whakanuia e te pūoko pēhanga mahi te putanga raraunga taumata millivolt e te pūoko pēhanga mahi, ka hurihia hei tohu rerekētanga, ka tukuna ki te pūnaha whakahaere aunoa maramara kotahi CS-51 mō te tukatuka raraunga. Ka whakatauritea te awhe taumaha kupenga kua whakaritea, ā, ko te hua whakataurite ka ahu mai i te whakatuwheratanga me te putanga o te rama whakaatu hei whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio, te kaute hiko hei tatau, me te tīmata i te mīhini tārua hei tuhi i ngā mōhiohio raraunga whakaputa. E rua ngā momo mahi a te pūmana pauna: te whakahaere me te whakatikatika. Ina tīpakohia te tikanga whakatikatika, ka whakaurua ngā raraunga tūmau, ka whakaatu noa i ngā mōhiohio.

I tēnei wā, ka whakatakotoria te mea hei paunatia ki runga i te papa pauna, ka whakaatuhia e te papa whakahaere te taumaha kupenga o te mea hei pauna, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te tauine. Ina tīpakohia te tikanga whakahaere, ka uru te kaiwhakahaere pauna ki te mahi pauna me te tirotiro hihiri. I tēnei wā, ka tirohia e te kaiwhakahaere pauna ngā tohu raraunga whatu o ngā wāhanga hei pauna i ngā taha e rua o te papa pauna, ka tautuhi i ngā wāhanga o te papa, ā, ka whakahaerehia ngā mahi pauna me te tirotiro hihiri.

I tōku whenua, ko ngā pūmana pauna e whakamahia ana mō ngā pūmana pauna maha-upoko he hua kawemai te nuinga, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā hua i whakawhanakehia, i hangaia hoki i Haina i ahu mai i ngā whakaaturanga pauna whānui. Ka tāuruhia te kāwai tirotiro o te taumaha kupenga e te papapātuhi. Ina mahi noa ngā mea katoa, kāore e taea e ngā kaimahi whakahaere te kite i te uara kua whakaritea, he ngoikore te ahua, ā, he uaua te whakatikatika. Ko te pūmana pauna i whakawhanakehia, i hangaia hoki e mātou ka whai i ngā tauira o tāwāhi, ā, e whā ngā pana DIP e whā-tūnga kua whakatakotoria ki te papa whakahaere o te papa whakahaere hei whakarite i te awhe tirotiro taumaha kupenga. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā pana DIP e whā ki ngā kāwai taumaha kupenga e rima e ai ki te hangarau tukatuka (tirohia te Pikitia 2).

Ko ngā mati tuatahi e rua o ngā raraunga mati-whā e tohu ana i te nui o te tauoti, ā, ko ngā mati whakamutunga e rua e tohu ana i te ira tekau. I roto i te tukanga katoa o te pauna me te tātari hihiri, ka taea te whakarerekē i te uara kua whakaritea i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa. Whakatūria ngā rama whakaatu me ngā kaute e rite ana mō ia taumaha kupenga ki te papa whakahaere.

Ka taea e ngā kaimahi whakahaere tonu te whakarerekē tonu i te pēhanga mahi o te tomokanga o te takahanga kia rite ki te tātari ia o te taumaha kupenga e whakaaturia ana e te hapa o runga me te hapa o raro hei whakahaere i te taumaha kupenga o te takahanga. Mā tēnā, he tino ātaahua, he watea hoki. Kei ia o ngā rēhita ono mati-ono ngā mōhiohio raraunga pēnei i te taumaha pai, te hapa o runga, te hapa o raro, te peka o runga, te peka o raro, te rahinga whakaputa (tae atu ki te pai, te hapa o runga, me te hapa o raro).

He mīhini tārua kei roto hei tārua i ngā raraunga me ngā mōhiohio pēnei i te putanga whānau, he mea watea mō te whakahaere awheawhe whakaputa. Mō ngā hua kāore i te tino tika me te peka o runga me te peka o raro, ka whakahohehia aunoa ngā taputapu tirotiro hei tango i aua hua, ā, ka tangi he whakaoho hei whakamahara i ngā kaimahi whakahaere kia aro. Ehara i te mea ko ngā mahi anake a te kaiwhakahaere pauna he mahi pauna hihiri me te tirotiro, engari he mahi anō hoki hei aroturuki aunoa i te kore-ira, te tihore, me te whakakore kore, me ētahi atu. He mita taputapu whakaatu tino tika tēnei.

Ko ōna tawhā mahi matua ko:. Mata whakaatu: ngongo whakaatu matihiko LED e whitu-wāhanga e whā-mati. Taumira mata whakaatu: neke atu i te 300 miriona. Ka tautoko te pūoko i te tuku hiko whakawhiti: DC15V. Kotahi te atanga pūreretā 16. Pāmahana whakahaere: kotahi te 10-40 ℃. Pūnaha tuku hiko tuku hiko: AC380VsoHz Tuarua, whanaketanga pūmanawa Ka wehea te pūmanawa waea pūkoro o ngā pūmanawa pūnaha katoa ki te whakahaere papamuri me te rere o te hōtaka whiwhi. Ko ngā ihirangi kāore i te tino whai hua, pērā i te tārua, ngā tikanga tukatuka raraunga, me te tirotiro me te tautuhi taumaha kupenga, ka tohaina ki te mahi whakahaere papamuri; ko ngā ihirangi he pai ake mō te kohikohi, te whakahaere wā, me ētahi atu, ka tohaina ki te kaiwhiwhi manuhiri. Ka whakamahia e te whanaketanga pūmanawa he hanganga hoahoa modular, e wehea ana ki ētahi modular hōtaka kia rite ki ngā mahi o ia rā, he mea āwhina mō te whakatikatika, te whakawhānui me te whakawhitinga.

Kei te Pikitia 3 te hoahoa anga māmā o te hōtaka pūtake. Hei whakahaere i te pauna raraunga tūmau me te tirotiro me te pauna hihiri, ko te nuinga o te rere o te hōtaka he tātari mahi me te hoahoa ārai-whakararuraru. Kei raro nei te whakaahuatanga o ia mea.

1. Tātari Mahi Ko te tātari mahi o te pūmanawa waea pūkoro ko te hoahoa i ngā momo kōwae hōtaka, ā, e ai ki tēnei kōwae hōtaka, ka mahia ngā mahi nui o ia rā. I roto i tēnei rere o te hōtaka, ko ngā mahi matua e mahia ana e te pūmanawa waea pūkoro ko:. Aroturuki aunoa kore-ira;. Te tango;.. Te whakatikatika kore-ira;. Te kohikohi raraunga; Te whakahaere wā;. Te pānui i te kī me te tautuhinga;. Te whakahaere/te tirotiro i te tahuritanga;. Te tārua;. Te wetewete i te uara mōhiohio e whakaaturia ana i raro i te tikanga whakahaere;. I raro i te whakahaere o te hōtaka aroturuki pūnaha, ka mahia e tēnei kōwae hōtaka te pauna raraunga tūmau, te tirotiro hihiri rānei me te pauna i runga anō i te mahere whakatinanatanga kua whakaritea.

2. Kaupapa hoahoa ārai-whakararuraru Nā te mea e mahi ana te pauna maha-upoko i roto i te taiao tūturu o te hanga ahumahi, he maha ngā awe i te wāhi tonu, e whakararu ana i te mahi noa o te pauna. Nō reira, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā āhuatanga ārai-aukati o te whirihoranga taputapu, he mea tino nui, he mea nui hoki te pūmanawa waea pūkoro hei ārai-aukati tuarua. Kaua e mahi noa te pūmanawa pūnaha oro i te tātari mahi, engari me mahi hoki i te kaupapa hoahoa ārai-whakararuraru hei whakapai ake i te pono o te pūmanawa pūnaha.

Ka tīpakohia e te pūmanawa pūnaha ngā ārai-whakararu e rua e whai ake nei mō ngā pūmanawa waea pūkoro: (1) Ko te whakararuraru hikohiko ārai-whakararu o te hongere haumaru I/O tohu anarau he rite ki te pūwero, ā, he poto te wā pānga. E ai ki tēnei āhuatanga, i te wā e kohia ana te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga, ka taea te kohi tonu mō ngā wā maha, kia tino ōrite rawa ngā hua o ngā kohinga tonu e rua, ka tika te tohu raraunga. Mena he rerekē te tohu raraunga i muri i ētahi kohinga, ka makahia te kohinga tohu raraunga o nāianei.

Ka taea te whakarerekē i te rohenga auau mōrahi o ia kohinga me te auau tonu tonu kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake. Ko te nui mōrahi o te kohikohinga i roto i tēnei rere o te kaupapa he 4 ngā wā, ā, e 2 ngā wā karapīpiti he kohinga whaitake hoki. Mō te hongere haumaru putanga, ahakoa kua hangaia te MCU hei tiki i ngā mōhiohio raraunga putanga e tika ana, ka taea e te taputapu putanga te tiki mōhiohio raraunga hē nā ngā awe o waho.

Mō te pūmanawa waea pūkoro, ko te huarahi tika ake hei ārai i te pokanoa ko te whakaputa i ngā mōhiohio raraunga ōrite i ngā wā katoa. Kia poto rawa te wā o te huringa whakahokinga, kia kore ai e taea e te taputapu taha te whakautu tika i te wā tika i muri i te whiwhinga o tētahi pūrongo hapa kua pāngia, ā, kua tae mai anō he ihirangi mōhiohio putanga e tika ana. Pērā ai, ka karohia tonutia te tūnga hē.

I roto i tēnei rere o te kaupapa, ka whakanohoia te putanga ki roto i te aukati whakatinanatanga wā, ka taea ai te karo i te mahi hapa putanga. (2) Ko te tātari mamati e aro ana ki te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga kua kohia, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia e te mana, nō reira me tiki ngā mōhiohio raraunga tata ki te uara tūturu o te pūwāhi mai i ngā hua raupapa mōhiohio raraunga, ā, me whiwhi i te hua me te taumata teitei o te pono. I roto i te pūmanawa waea pūkoro, ko te tikanga noa ko te tātari mamati.

Kua wehea tēnei rere o te kaupapa ki te pauna raraunga tūmau me te pauna tātari hihiri. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā tikanga pauna, he rerekē anō hoki ngā tikanga tātari mamati kua tīpakohia. Kei raro nei ngā tikanga tātari mamati rerekē e whakamahia ana e ngā tikanga pauna e rua.

¹Te pauna raraunga pūmau: Ko te whakaaro nui ki te pauna raraunga pūmau ko te pono me te tika o te pūmanawa pūnaha. Me whai whakaaro ki te pumau o ngā mōhiohio e whakaaturia ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga pumau me te tere o te urupare i te wā e utaina ana. Nō reira, me mahi tuatahi te tautuhi pono o ngā mōhiohio raraunga kua kohia, kātahi ka mahi i te otinga tātari mamati.

I roto i te tukanga tātari matihiko, ka tīpakohia te tikanga tātari toharite neke hei whakapai ake i te pānga tātari tuturu. Ko te tikanga motuhake koia tēnei: ​​i ia wā ka tangohia he tauira, ka tangohia tētahi o ngā mōhiohio raraunga tuatahi, kātahi ka tatauhia ngātahi te uara tauira o tēnei wā me te uara tauira o ngā wā maha o mua, ā, ka taea te tuku i te uara tauira whaitake i whiwhihia e te tangata takitahi hei whakamahi. Nō reira, ka whakapai ake i te whakamahinga o te pūmanawa pūnaha.

He nui te kino o te kōwhiringa o te auau tauira N ki te pānga tuturu o te tātari. Ko te nui ake o te N, ko te pai ake o te pānga tuturu, engari ka whakararu i te urupare hihiri o te pūmanawa pūnaha. I roto i tēnei pūmana pauna, hei whakapai ake i te pono o te pūmanawa pūnaha me te kaha ki te urupare tere, ko te N he 32 ina pumau, ā, he 8 ina kore pumau.

Nā te whiriwhiri i tētahi tikanga tātari whaitake, kua pai ake te pono me te tika o te pūmanawa pūnaha me tōna wā urupare uta.ºTe tātari me te pauna hihiri: I roto i te tātari me te pauna hihiri, ka tere te whakatakoto i te takahanga ki runga i te papa pauna. Kei runga te takahanga i te tauine i roto i te 1.5 hēkona, nō reira me mahi te tauira i roto i te 1 hēkona.

Mā te pera, ka whakawhāitihia te auau tauira. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea ka puta he wiri i te takahanga ina tere te whakarite ki te papa pauna, ka pā ki te uara tauira. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia whakaarohia ko ēhea ngā mōhiohio raraunga e tika ana, me te momo hangarau tātari matihiko kua tīpakohia hei pehi i te kino o te ōritetanga taumaha o te pokanoa hikohiko.

E ai ki te tirohanga motuhake, ko te ahua o te tohu raraunga pauna o te pauna maha-upoko e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 5. I roto i te pikitia, mai i te taenga mai o te takahanga ki te papa pauna tae noa ki tōna wehenga atu ka wehea kia toru ngā hononga: ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te wā t, ko te wāhanga, koinei te tukanga katoa mai i te taenga mai o te takahanga ki te papa pauna tae noa ki tōna taenga katoa ki runga i te papa pauna. Kei konei te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga. Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te wāhanga tuaiwa, kei runga katoa te takahanga i te papa pauna, ā, ko tēnei wā ko te wāhanga pauna; ko te wāhanga tuatoru ko te wā t. Ko te wāhanga ko te tukanga katoa e wehe atu ai te takahanga i te papa pauna, ā, ka heke haere te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga ki te kore i tēnei wā.

I te tīmatanga me te mutunga o ngā wāhanga pauna e iwa, ka pāngia te tohu raraunga pauna e te taumahatanga. I te wāhanga maunga, arā, ina kei waenganui te papa pauna i te papa pauna, ka pumau te tohu raraunga pauna. Nō reira, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā mōhiohio raraunga o te awhe wā Δt.

Whakamahia te tauine kua whakatakotoria hei hikoi ki te pito o te pana hiko-whakaahua hei tīmata i te kaiwhakahaere pauna hei whiwhi i ngā mōhiohio raraunga tauira hihiri, me te tauira i roto i te wā maunga. E pā ana te auau tauira N ki te tere tauira. Ko te tere o te tauira, ko te teitei ake o te auau kohia N. Me whakarite te tāutanga o te pana hiko-whakaahua ko ngā raraunga tirohanga kua kohia ko ngā mōhiohio raraunga ina kei te tāone o Weitaishan te mea e paunatia ana.

Mō ngā raraunga N kua kohia, he rerekē ngā wāhanga awe o ia raraunga, nō reira me whiriwhiri he tikanga tātari whaitake hei whiwhi i te uara tūturu o te taumaha kupenga o te takahanga. Mā tēnei tukanga ka tīpakohia te hangarau tātari hiato, arā, ka whakakotahihia, ka whakamahia hoki ngā tikanga tātari matihiko e rua, neke atu rānei, kāore e ranea hei whakakī i a rātou anō, kia pai ake ai te pānga tūturu o te tātari, kia tutuki ai te pānga tūturu kāore e taea te whakatutuki mā te tikanga tātari kotahi anake. I konei, ka tīpakohia te tikanga tātari e whakakotahi ana i te tikanga tātari uara mōrahi me te tikanga tātari toharite tau.

Mā te tātari de-maxima ka tangohia tuatahi te uara awe kotahi-pā, ā, kāore e hainatia mō te tatau uara toharite, kia tata ake ai te uara putanga o te tātari toharite ki te uara tūturu. Ko te kaupapa matua o te raupapa arotau penei: haere tonu ki te tauira N ngā wā, kohikohi me te tono aroha, ka kimi i ngā uara teitei me te iti rawa i roto, kātahi ka tangohia ngā uara teitei me te iti rawa mai i te kohikohinga me te poutū, ka tatau kia rite ki te N kotahi, e rua rānei ngā uara tauira. toharite, arā, kia whiwhi ai i te uara tauira whaitake. Kei te whakaatuhia te tūtohi rere o te tukanga tātari matū i roto i te hoahoa ngaru o te tohu raraunga pauna i te Pikitia 5. Mai i te taenga mai o te takahanga ki te papa pauna tae noa ki tōna wehenga atu, ka wehea kia toru ngā hononga: ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te wā t, ko te wā e tae mai ai te takahanga ki te tauine. Ko te tukanga katoa mai i te papa tae noa ki te tino eke ki runga i te papa pauna, ka piki haere te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga i tēnei wā; ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te wā iwa, kei runga katoa te takahanga i te papa pauna, ko tēnei wā ko te wāhanga pauna; ko te wāhanga tuatoru ko te wā t.

Ko te wāhanga te tukanga katoa e wehe atu ai te takahanga i te papa pauna, ā, ka heke mārire te tohu raraunga taumaha kupenga ki te kore i tēnei wā. I te tīmatanga me te mutunga o ngā wāhanga pauna e iwa, ka pāngia te tohu raraunga pauna e te taumaha. I te wāhanga maunga, arā, ina kei waenganui o te papa pauna te takahanga, ka pumau te tohu raraunga pauna.

Nō reira, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i ngā mōhiohio raraunga o te wā Δt. Whakamahia te tauine kua whakatakotoria hei hikoi ki te pito o te pana hikohiko hei tīmata i te kaiwhakahaere pauna hei whiwhi i ngā mōhiohio raraunga tauira hihiri, me te tauira i roto i te wā maunga. E pā ana te auau tauira N ki te tere tauira. Ko te tere o te tere tauira, ko te teitei ake o te auau kohi N.

Me whakarite te tāutanga o te pana hikohiko kia rite te toharite tātai o ngā uara kua kohia i roto i te tātai me te N ki te toharite tātai o ngā uara tauira e 2; ko te w te uara tauira tua-i; ko te N te auau tauira. Hei whakahaere i te tatau, ko te auau tauira ka tīpakohia i te nuinga o te wā ko te 6, 10, 18 pērā i te 2 ki te mana o te tauoti o te 2 me te 2, he mea watea ki te whakamahi i te nekehanga hei utu mō te wehewehe. I roto i tēnei rere o te kaupapa, ka tīpakohia te otinga i te wā e tauira ana, nō reira kāore he take ki te whakawhanake i te wāhi rokiroki mōhiohio raraunga i roto i te rūri AM.

I muri i te tātari matihiko, ka whiwhihia te uara W, kātahi ka whakahaerehia ngā tikanga tukatuka raraunga pēnei i te tihore me te hurihanga hapa toharite hei whiwhi i te uara taumaha kupenga o te takahanga hei whakaatu i ngā mōhiohio, te tautuhi me te tārua. I muri i te kitenga o te pana hiko tuarua kua wehe katoa te takahanga i te papa pauna, tīmatahia te kaiwhakaemi aroturuki kore-ira, tīpakohia te tauira tauira nui ka tōia te hangarau tātari toharite, ka tango aunoa i te tara, kia rite ai mō te taenga mai o te takahanga e whai ake nei. Whakaaetia te whakarite i mua. 3. Whakamutunga He tino pai ngā mahi a te kaiwhakahaere pauna me te kaha ki te ārai-pokanoa. Ehara i te mea he pai anake mō te mahi tirotiro takahanga i roto i te mara o te rapa whakamomona, engari he pai hoki mō te whakahaere i ngā pauna maha-upoko pēnei i ngā hua manu, ngā moni, ngā kararehe, me ngā raina whakaputa ahumahi.

I tēnei wā, kua neke atu i te tekau tau te whakamahinga o te pauna maha-upoko i whakaurua mai e ētahi kaihanga i tō tātou whenua. Kāore e taea e ētahi o ngā kaiwhakahaere pauna te mahi noa, ā, me whakakapi wawe. Hei tāpiri, kei reira anō ētahi kaihanga e whakamahi tonu ana i te pauna maha-upoko momo-paetara, kāore e taea te kī he mea nui mō te hanga me te hanga. Nō reira, he tino whai hua te uara whakatairanga hokohoko o te kaiwhakahaere pauna i ēnei rā.

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