Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-metrological - ukunciphisa amafutha okuhlukile [isisindo samakhanda amaningi]

Umbhali: Smartweigh– Isisindo Sezinhloko Eziningi

Ehlanganisa iminyaka eminingi yemisebenzi esebenzayo kulo msebenzi, umhleli wenze ucwaningo lwesayensi olujwayelekile nolujulile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesisindo okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesimo sezulu kwamazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni, futhi wabeka ngokucacile ikhambi lokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani ukunemba kokuqinisekiswa kwesimo sezulu kwabaxubi abajikelezayo. Isimo samanje sendlela yokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa yemishini yokuxuba ejikelezayo. 1.1 Indlela yekhwalithi ejikelezayo isetshenziswa ngokuvamile.

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa izinto zepuleti zezinto zokuhlobisa zokwakha, okusanhlamvu, uwoyela, ukudla, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, njll., noma ukulawula izinongo ku-inthanethi. Ezivame kakhulu yilezi: izikali zebhande le-elekthronikhi, ama-flowmeter epuleti lokuhlanza, izikali zenuzi, kanye nezikali zezinto zepani. Lezi zinhlobo zezindlela zokulinganisa ezinembile zinezici zazo, kodwa imikhawulo mikhulu kakhulu.

Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula besikali sebhande: yenza ukubalwa okuhlanganisiwe kwesiginali yedatha yomthwalo kanye nesiginali yedatha yokulawula isivinini (isilinganiso sejubane lebhande lokudlulisa) endaweni iyonke yebhizinisi (isigaba sokulinganisa) ukuze uthole inani lokugeleza eliphelele, bese ulisebenzisa njengethagethi yokulawula. Qaphela: Ngokusho kokulawulwa kwejubane lokudonsa, shintsha inani eliphelele lezinto zokusetshenziswa okufanele zikhishwe, ukuze ngemva kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa sezakhiwe echwebeni lokudla lomkhumbi wokuthutha, ukujiya kwazo kuzinzile futhi kufane, futhi umthwalo womthuthi webhande ngeke ushintshe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso sejubane setrekta singakanani. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-metrological kanye nokulingana kwale ndlela kumele kube ngcono kunezinye izindlela zokudla.

Qaphela: Ukondla nokulinganisa kwenziwa ngamabhande amabili ngalinye. 1.2 Isimo sendlela yekhwalithi eqhubekayo yemishini yokuxuba eqhubekayo. Kufaka: Imishini Yokuxuba Inhlabathi Eqiniswe Usimende, Imishini Yokuxuba Eqhubekayo Kakhonkolo, Imishini Yokuxuba Eqhubekayo Kakhonkolo, Imishini Yokuxuba Eqhubekayo Kakhonkolo, Imishini Yokuxuba Eqhubekayo Kakhonkolo, njll.

Ezimweni zanamuhla, amadivayisi anjalo awakwazi ukuqhathaniswa nezindlela ze-batch ngokuya ngokunemba kokuqinisekisa kwe-metrological. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuxuba eqhubekayo ayizange ithandwe ngamakhasimende amaningi, okungenye yezizathu. Ngokusho kobufakazi besayensi, kungabonakala ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuxuba nokucubungula obuchazwe yilezi zindlela ezimbili zokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa bunezindawo ezitholakalayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kokuxuba okuqhubekayo akuthintwa yimikhawulo yesikhashana yobuchwepheshe.

Namuhla, imishini yokuxuba ejikelezayo ezweni lakithi yonke isebenzisa indlela yomthamo noma isikali sebhande le-elekthronikhi/isikali esijikelezayo. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa. Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuxuba okujikeleza wethulwa eYurophu ngawo-1970. Akukho ntuthuko kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Eqinisweni, zombili izindlela zingafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu eYurophu. Isibonelo, isikali sokuxuba ibhande lokudlulisa sikaSchenck eFrance sinokunemba okuguquguqukayo kwe-batching okungu-2%. Kodwa akukuhle ezweni lakithi, isizathu sincike emikhawulweni yengqalasizinda efana nemboni yokucubungula imishini nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezweni lakithi.

Namuhla, ukunemba kokulinganisa kwezikali zebhande likagesi emkhakheni wemigwaqo wezwe lami ngokuvamile kungama-5% kuphela, okungekude nokuqinisekiswa kokulinganisa okusekelwe kumthamo, futhi ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kubi. Isigaba 2: Izinto Ezintsha Ekulinganisweni Okuqhubekayo - Izikali Zesignali Ehlukile (Isimo Esingenasisindo). Kusukela ngawo-1990, isikali sekhanda eliningi (i-English Loss-in-weight) besilokhu sisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.

Izikali zebhande le-elekthronikhi, izikali ezijikelezayo, izikali eziqongelelekayo, njll. kancane kancane zithatha indawo yesisindo samakhanda amaningi. Njengendlela entsha nethuthukisiwe yokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa, kukhethwa ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula okuningi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. 2.1 Izinga eliyisisekelo: Thatha ibhakede lokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa isikali kanye nenhlangano yokudla iyonke, sampula njalo isignali yedatha yokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa isikali ngokuya ngephaneli yethuluzi noma isofthiwe yekhompyutha ephezulu, bese ubala i-elastic coefficient yokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa isikali ngesikhathi seyunithi njengokugeleza okuphelele okusheshayo, bese ngokusho kwesofthiwe ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kwehadiwe kwezihlungi kuxazululwa ngobuchwepheshe ukuthola "ukugeleza okuphelele okuqondile". Ukulinganisa okunembile kokugeleza kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu, kuyisisekelo sokulinganisa okunembile kwesisindo samakhanda amaningi.

Lesi sithombe sihlanganisa indlela yakudala: Okokugcina, ngokwe-algorithm yokwenza ngcono impendulo ye-PID, i-FC yenza ukusebenza kwangempela kokulawula eduze kokugeleza okuphelele kwethagethi, futhi ikhipha isignali yedatha yokulungisa ukulawula isiqalisi esithambile kanye namanye amabhodi okulawula okuphakelayo. 2.2 Ukusebenzisa isikali sokulinganisa isignali yomehluko (isisindo samakhanda amaningi) kukhonkolo: Kungabonakala esimisweni esiyisisekelo sokuthi ngeke ilinyazwe ushintsho lwemishini yemishini phakathi kwesikali kanye nenhlangano yokondla, ilinganisa kuphela umehluko wesisindo esiphelele (isisindo somehluko), kanye nezinzuzo zezindlela zokulinganisa zendabuko eziguquguqukayo zaziwa kahle. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ithagethi yokulawula ukugeleza okuphelele (t/h, kg/min), uma umthamo wokuthutha wezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokunemba kokuqinisekisa kwe-metrological kuphakeme kakhulu, indlela yesimo esingenasisindo ingasetshenziswa njengohlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuqinisekisa kwe-metrological.

2.2.2 Inqubo yokukhiqiza yesisindo samakhanda amaningi: 2.2.3 Uhlelo lokuklama lwesisindo samakhanda amaningi kufanele lunake izici ezibeka engcupheni ukunemba kokulinganisa: isisindo samakhanda amaningi sicabangela izici zesikali sedatha esingaguquki kanye nesilinganiso esiguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokulawula, kuchazwe: 1. Ububanzi bezinga lokuthutha obufanele, ngokuvamile, ububanzi bomsebenzi obuthile bungu-60% kuya ku-70% womthamo wokuthutha wenani elilinganisiwe. Uma usebenzisa ushintsho lwesivinini sokuxhumana nokushintshana, imvamisa yokucindezeleka ingu-35-40HZ. Uhlu olubanzi lokulungiswa luqinisekisiwe.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ijubane lokuthutha liphansi kakhulu, ukuthembeka kwesofthiwe yesistimu kubuthakathaka. Okwesibili, ukukhethwa kobubanzi bezinzwa kanye nefomula yokubala kuyafaneleka. Okusho ukuthi, inzwa isebenzisa futhi u-60% ~ 70% wobubanzi bayo bokulinganisa, kanti ububanzi bokushintsha kwesignali yedatha bubanzi, okuzuzisa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukunemba.

3. Uhlelo lokuklama uhlelo lwemishini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zilula, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokudla sifushane futhi ukudla akuhlali njalo. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kanye njalo ngemizuzu emi-5-10. Ukudluliselwa okusizayo kufanele kube bushelelezi futhi kube bushelelezi. 2.2.4 Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokulawula izimoto, isilinganisi samakhanda amaningi sisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, futhi ukunemba kwaso kokulinganisa kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.3% kuya ku-0.5%.

Isihluthulelo salobu buchwepheshe ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zesisindo sedatha, okungenza isisindo esiphelele senzwa yesisindo sibe ngu-0.1% ~ 0.2% noma ngaphezulu. 2.2.4.1 Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa yesisindo sedatha: Ukuze kucatshangelwe isidingo sokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo nokunembile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha inzwa ekugcineni kokufaka kwesofthiwe yesistimu yokukala. Ikakhulukazi endaweni lapho uhlelo kumele lube luhlakaniphile khona, inombolo esheshayo noma engaqondile yenzwa ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukungaqiniseki kokulinganisa okunembile kanye nesilinganiso sokulinganisa esinembile ngokuvamile kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlukile, futhi lokhu kokubili akukwazi ukuhlanganiswa. amathuluzi, kodwa kumele kulinganiswe ngokwesisekelo secala ngalinye.

Kulesi sigaba, kusetshenziswa izinzwa eziningi zedijithali neze-analog zendabuko embonini yokulinganisa yaseShayina, futhi isignali ye-pulse ephumayo ayinkulu. Isibonelo, isimiso esiyisisekelo samandla okucindezela i-resistor sisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inzwa yesisindo enomkhiqizo omkhulu, futhi umkhiqizo wayo ngokuvamile u-30-40 mV. Ngakho-ke, isignali yayo yedatha isengozini enkulu yokuthonywa imvamisa yomsakazo, futhi ibanga lokudlulisela lekhebula nalo lifushane kakhulu, ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-10.

Khetha isofthiwe yesistimu yokulinganisa izikebhe zochungechunge olunezinzwa eziningi (isikali sokulinganisa i-silo), isofthiwe yesistimu yokulinganisa ipulatifomu yesevisi noma ibhuloho lokulinganisa isikali (isikali seloli kagesi noma isikali sesitimela), isofthiwe yesistimu yedatha ingaqedela "inani elizibiza ngalo". Ngenxa yesofthiwe yesistimu yezinzwa zedijithali eneziteshi eziningi, ayikho inkinga yokufanisa ukumelana. Umsebenzisi angafaka ikheli eliningiliziwe lenzwa efanele, isisindo esiphelele kanye nokuzwela kwesikali, futhi isikali singenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. "Amakhona amane" noma "umphetho" Ibhalansi yezinhlamvu zesiNgisi ayidingi ukulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Uma izinzwa eziningana zixhunywe kusofthiwe yesistimu yokulingisa, izici zenzwa ngayinye azikwazi ukuhlonzwa kahle, futhi inzwa ngayinye kumele ilinganiswe futhi inzwa ngayinye kumele ilinganiswe kusetshenziswa i-voltage divider ku-terminal block. Idivayisi ilinganiswe. Njengoba kukhona ukuhlolwa kwe-t okubhangqiwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungisa, kuphindaphindwa izikhathi eziningana. Kwisofthiwe yesistimu yedatha, vumela ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele kwenzwa ngayinye njengenzwa eyodwa.

Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esichithwa ukulinganisa isofthiwe yesistimu yezinzwa ezihlakaniphile siyingxenye eyodwa kwezine kuphela yokulingisa kwesistimu. Isofthiwe yesistimu "ingazixilonga", okungukuthi, inqubo yokuxilonga ingahlola njalo ukuthi isignali yedatha yenzwa ngayinye iphelile, ukuthi umkhiqizo udlule kakhulu, njll. Uma kwenzeka iphutha elivamile, ulwazi noma ama-alamu azoboniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuphaneli yezinsimbi noma kuphaneli yokusebenza. Amakhasimende angasebenzisa okhiye bokusebenza kuphaneli yokulawula ukusesha inzwa ngayinye, ukuhlonza imbangela yephutha elivamile nokwenza ukususwa kwephutha elivamile.

Ikhono lokubona nokususa amaphutha avamile ngokusobala liyinzuzo ebalulekile kumakhasimende, futhi ekulingiseni isofthiwe yesistimu yenzwa ye-analog, izinzuzo ezinjalo zifanele kakhulu ukulingiswa. Isofthiwe yesistimu yenzwa yokulingisa ejwayelekile Embonini yokulinganisa, isinqumo sesikrini se-converter ye-analog-to-digital singama-bits angu-16, futhi kunezibalo ezingu-50,000 ezitholakalayo; kanti isinqumo sesikrini senzwa ngayinye kusofthiwe yesistimu yedatha singama-bits angu-16. Ngama-bits angu-20, kunezibalo ezingu-1,000,000 ezitholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, isofthiwe yesistimu enezinzwa zedijithali ezine ingakhiqiza izinqumo zesikrini zokubala ezingu-4,000,000.

Kuyinzuzo yamaphikseli aphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma isisindo sohlaka lokukala ngokwalo sisindayo kanti isisindo sincane. Isibonelo, kusofthiwe yesistimu yokukala inqwaba, ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyingxenye encane yeresiphi eyimfihlo, kodwa izidingo zokunemba zisephezulu kakhulu. Izimo ezinjalo kunzima ukuzifeza ngokulinganayo ekulingiseni kwesistimu yendabuko.

2.3 Isimo sokusetshenziswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe (kutholakala ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, embonini yensimbi, epulasitikini, kumafayibha amakhemikhali, njll.) Emikhakheni eminingi, kukhona ulwazi lomsebenzi ekusebenziseni isikali samakhanda amaningi. Isibonelo: izinongo zekhonkrithi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nemikhiqizo yerabha, amafayibha amakhemikhali, kanye namafayibha optical.

Kweminye imikhiqizo yezimboni, ukuqinisekiswa kokulinganisa isimo okuqhubekayo okungenasisindo kungaqinisekisa ukuxubana okufanayo kwezinto ezingenalutho, futhi ukuxuba kumele kwenziwe buthaka, okwenza kube lula ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula. Lo mkhiqizo uphelele kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, i-French Schenck Enterprise, i-Buda Benla Enterprise, kanye ne-French Pioneer Enterprise, njll., ubuchwepheshe babo buzohola umhlaba wonke emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwabo, amaqhawe asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa zedijithali, futhi ukunemba okuguquguqukayo kufinyelela ku-0.25%.

Ukunemba kwesikali sebhalansi yedatha emile kufezwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kwezimboni. Ukusetshenziswa kuma-rotary mixers kanye nezingozi zesikhathi esizayo. Emsebenzini wokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa wemishini yokuxuba eqhubekayo ezweni lakithi, kusalokhu kusekelwe endleleni yokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhuthazwa kwe-multihead weigher kubaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuxuba inhlabathi okuzinzile nge-simende, ukuxuba ukhonkolo okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuxuba ukhonkolo okuqhubekayo nge-asphalt. Kuphinde kube nokubaluleka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokugeleza okuphelele.

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esilula senqubo yokuxuba ngokujikeleza kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokulungisa, uma isilinganiso sokuxuba umkhiqizo sesithuthukisiwe, isabelo semakethe esiphansi samanje sokuxuba ngokujikeleza sizoshintshwa. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemigwaqo kanye namandla kagesi, lapho kubekwa khona imithetho ephakeme emishinini ekhulisa umkhiqizo, isisindo samakhanda amaningi siyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwandiseni ukunemba kokuqinisekiswa kwe-metrological.

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